LOWER LIAS : STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 153 
According to Dr. Wright, the Firestone consists of 3 beds, 
1 ft. 2 in. thick, below which were 1 ft. of hard dark slaty shale, 
and then "the Guinea-bed," which he describes as a hard shelly 
limestone I inch thick ; this rests on the Rhaetic Beds.* The 
section which I have noted, was not exposed to a depth sufficient 
to show the beds beneath the Firestone; but a specimen of pale 
limestone with Estheria (in the Warwick Museum), was obtained 
at a depth of 4 feet below the Firestone. The details evidently 
vary a good deal, :ind it is by no means clear that the locnl names 
applied by the quarryrnen, can be depended upon for correlation 
of particular beds in the different quarries ; nor is it clear that 
the " Guinea-bed " is always on the same horizon, for in the 
section at Wilmcote the bed so-called, may represent the top band 
of the Rhaetic Beds. 
Outliers of Lower Lias occur south-west of Wootton Wawen, 
and soiith of Morton Bagot, near Henley-in-Arden. The Rev. 
P. B. Brodie has noticed Insect Limestone at Brown's Wood and 
Stooper's Wood, and mentions that the " Firestones" and "Guinea- 
bed " were formerly worked in the district. 
An outlier more distant, between 10 and 11 miles from the 
main mass, occurs north of Knowle and south-west of Hampton- 
in-Arden. Attention was first called to this by Dr. Lloyd of 
Leamington. The stone was worked by means of shafts at 
Waterfield Farm and on Copt Heath. f Mr. Brodie has found 
Insect Limestones, and mentions that the Firestones and Guinea- 
bed were obtained from the old workings. No beds higher than 
the zone of Ammonites planorbis have been found, and Mr. Brodie 
notes thid species, together with Ostrea liassica, Modiola minima) 
Lima punctata, spines of Cidaris^ Fish -scales, and bones of 
Ichthyosaurus. J 
The higher beds of the Lower Lias near Evesham, consist 
mostly of clay, with occasional bands of limestone ; and these 
include the zones of Ammonites angulatus, A. Bucklandi, and A. 
semicostalus. 
Mr. T. J. Slatter informed me that the zone of A. angulatus 
was exposed in cuttings of the Midland railway, between Evesham 
and Hampton (Bengeworth station). Cardinia ovalis was abun- 
dant in places, and C. hybrida has also been found at Bengeworth. 
At a clay-pit (long since closed) east of Chadbury Farm, to 
the north of Evesham, the same beds were exposed. Fine 
specimens of Cardinia ovalis and Isastrcea Tomesi were obtained 
by Mr. Slatter. 
Mr. R. F. Tomes states that at Welford Hill near Stratford-on- 
Avon, Isastrcea and " Septastrosa " were associated with Ammon- 
ites angulatus and Cardinia ovalis ; and that A. angulatus occurs 
upwards, through the clays yielding A. semicostatus, to the top of 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xvi. p. 386 ; see also Brodie, Proc. Warwickshire 
Field Club, 1868 ; and Phillips, Geol. Oxford, pp. 105, 109. 
f Strickland, Memoirs, p. 117. 
I Warwickshire Nat. Hist, and Arch. Soc. 39th Ann. Report, 1875 ; Quart. Journ. 
Geol. Soc., vol. xxi. p. 159. 
