200 LIAS OF ENGLAND AND WALES : 
Here the upper portion oE the junction-bed contains Ammonites 
bifrons, A. serpentinus, A. striatulus, and Belemnites* Mr. J. 
F. Walker also records from this bed Rhynchonella Bouchardi and 
Waldheimia Lycetti. The clayey beds both above and below the 
rock-beds are worked in places for brick-making. From the 
lower rock-band (in which I obtained Rhynchonella), Mr. Walker 
has since recorded R. tetrahedra var., R. furcillata t Waldheimia 
perfvrata, &c. 
The ferruginous seam that divides the Upper Lias stone from 
the Marlstone is probably the decomposed surface of the Marl- 
stone ; it varies from one to two or more inches in thickness, and 
contains in places a number of Gasteropoda hence the name 
Pleurotomaria-\)e<.\, applied by Mr. Day. The Marlstone con- 
tains waterworn stones perforated by Lithodomi and coated with 
Serpulse features noticed by Buckland and De la Beche, and 
which, as Mr. Day has remarked, point to a sea-bottom upon 
which, for a time, little or no deposit took place. t 
The admixture of Upper Lias species in the Marlsone, naturally 
suggests some re -arrangement of the bed in Upper Lias times, 
but the occurrence of A. communis in the Marlstone is not peculiar 
to this area, and indicates a blending of the Middle and Upper 
Lias faunas, such as we find in the Transition Bed near Banbury. 
(See p. 229.) The species recorded from the Marlstone and 
Pleurotomaria-\)e<\, include the following : 
Beietnnites. 
Pleurotomaria bitorquata. 
mirabilis. 
pmguis. 
precatoria. 
procera. 
rustica. 
Discohelix sinister. 
Trochus JEgion. 
Cardium truncatum. 
Cardinia concinna. 
Gryphaea cymbium. 
gigantea. 
Rhynchonella acuta. 
serrata. 
tetrahedra. 
Terebratula punctata. 
Crinoids. 
Epulus. 
East of Eype the cliff again exhibits a portion of the Middle 
Lias. At the base, there are blue clays with Ammonites margari- 
tatuSy and these are succeeded by the Starfish Bed, the Laminated 
"beds, and Yellow eands. These are capped by grey shaly beds, 
that include a hard band that may be the Junction-bed of Middle 
and Upper Lias, with perhaps some portions of the overlying 
Upper Lias. The highest strata were however difficult of access. 
These beds extend but for a short distance, for a fault, having 
a downthrow of at least 425 feet, brings them abruptly against 
the Fuller's Earth and Forest Marble a fact which shows that 
the faults along this coast do not always produce lines of weakness 
that have originated valleys. 
Excepting in the hard beds, fossils are not very abundant in 
the Middle Lias of this district ; but here, as in other places, there 
is no marked division between the zones of Ammonites margari- 
* See also J. F. Walker, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1890, p. 799 ; Geol. Mag., 1892, p. 
440. 
t Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. six. p. 294. See also Buckland and De la Beche, 
Trans. Geol. Soc., ser, 2, vol. iv. p. 31. 
