UPPER LIAS : ULASTONBUKY. 2(jl 
From South Cadbury northwards by Castle Gary and Bat- 
combe, to the neighbourhood of Doulting and the Mendip Hills, 
we have no sections showing the Upper Lias ; but as this forma- 
tion is well shown in the outliers of Pennard, Glastonbury Tor, 
and Brent Knoll, there can be little doubt that the beds are present 
in the escarpment. It will be found that the same obscurity pre- 
vails along the escarpment of the Cotteswold Hills, while the 
outliers afford good sections of the strata. 
Glastonbury Tor rises to a height of a little over 500 feet 
above sea-level. This remarkable conical hill, a monument, as it 
were, of the denudation of surrounding areas, is capped by the 
Mid ford Sands, which form a knoll, based on a platform of 
Upper Lias clay and stone. Beneath come the thin Marl stone 
Mock-bed-, the micaceous sands, and the shales, previously de- 
scribed. (See p. 208, and Fig. 84, p. 263.) The upper beds may 
stated as follows : 
FT. IN. 
Midford J~ Sands with occasional beds of calcareous 
Sands. \ sandstone - - about 1J4 
C Brown and bluish clay with Belemnites - 35 
Upper Lias Pale earthy arid compact limestones (iron- 
Clay and J stained) and clays, with Ammonites bifrons, 
Basement "S A. communis, A. crassus, A. serpentinus, 
Beds. Belemnites, Nucula, and Rhynchonella 
[_ Moorei - - 14 
Middle Lias - Marlstone, &c. 
Unfortunately the quarries where the Upper Lias was exposed, 
have been abandoned, and the beds are no longer to be seen. The 
beds were referred to by Smeaton as the " Yellow Snake-stone " 
ol Glastonbury. 
To the east of West Pennard there were several small quarries 
showing the Basement Beds of the Upper Lias and the Marlstone. 
The following section is taken from one of them : 
FT. IN. 
Rubble and brown clay - 1 
{Clayey bed full of fossils, Ammonites com- 
munis, A. crassus, &c. - - - 1 6 
White and pale bluish-grey earthy limestone 
and marly clays with " race " - 3 
I" Marlstone ; Tough bluish rock with irony 
Middle Lias < grains - 1 3 
I Micaceous sands with Belemnites. 
Here the roads have been mended with Upper and Middle Lias 
stone, and with specimens of Ammonites serpentinus, A. bifrons, 
and A. communis. 
Brent Knoll presents the same structure as Glastonbury Tor, 
with the addition of a thin rock-bed on top of the Sands, from 
which I obtained fossils that link it with the Cephalopoda Bed at 
the base of the Inferior Oolit* of the Cotteswold Hills. (See 
