UPPER LIAS : LINCOLN. 285 
The Upper Lias clay (Leda-ovurn beds) was exposed in a 
brickyard at Stonesby, east of Waltham-on-the-Wolds, where the 
section was noted as follows, by Mr. Jukes-Browne : * 
FT. IN. 
Northampton Beds Red ferruginous sandstone - - - 12 
iPale grey micaceous clay with ferruginous 
concretions, passing down into dark blue 
shaly clay with selenite and iron-pyrites - 19 
The same beds were cut through by the Great Northern 
railway south of Granlham, where they were described by Prof. 
Morris.t 
At Lincoln the Upper Lias is about 100 feet thick, and the 
beds no doubt extend underground throughout the eastern part 
of Lincolnshire. The deep boring at Woodhall Spa, reached the 
Lias at a depth of 640 feet, according to Mr. Jukes -Browne's 
estimates. J To what distance the Lias extends beneath the 
Fenland area, we have no evidence to show, but we know that 
it dies out to the south-east before we reach Harwich. Beneath 
the Oolites at Peterborough, upwards o 300 feet of Lias (chiefly 
clay) was proved in a boring at the Great Northern Railway 
works, New England. 
The Upper Lias is well shown in several brickyards in the 
escarpment north and south of Lincoln, and the beds have been 
studied in much detail by Mr. W. D. Carr and Mr. W. H. 
Dal ton. 
The principal sections are those on the south, known as Best's 
Brickyard, or the Cross Cliff Brickworks, at Bracebridge ; and on 
the north, Swan's Brickyard or the West Cliff Brickworks. A 
complete section of the Upper Lias, showing about 100 feet of 
strata, has been exposed at Best's brickyard, and about 60 feet of 
the upper portion of the clays was shown at Swan's brickyard. 
In both cases the clays were surmounted by the Basement-beds of 
the Inferior Oolite, which at Swan's pit comprised the following 
strata : 
FT. IN. 
^Limestone } Flaggy and comminuted shelly oolite - 2 
Northampton \ Sandy beds and ironstone with small 
Beds. J scattered nodules, and nodular bed at base 4 
The mass of the Upper Lias below, consisted of dark shaly 
clay, with rusty joints and ferruginous clays near the top, and at 
intervals lower down, there were layers of septaria and nodules 
of argillaceous limestone (cement-stone). Excepting in the 
higher beds, fossils are abundant, and we have no indication of 
the Unfossiliferous zone of Northamptonshire. Specimens of 
* Geol. S.W. Lincolnshire, p. 44. 
f Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. ix. p. 324. 
I Geol. Lincoln, p. 208. 
In 1889 these brickyards together with those belonging to the Bracebridge 
Brick Co. and the Lincoln Brick Co., were amalgamated under tho Lincoln Brick 
Co. 
