310 LIAS OF ENGLAND AND WALES : 
north-east of Oxford, beyond Chipping Campden and Banbury, 
that the strata are much obscured. Thence through the counties 
of Warwick, Northampton, Rutland, Leicester, and Lincoln, the 
beds are largely concealed beneath coverings of Boulder Clay, 
Sand, and Gravel. 
The superficial accumulations that overlie the Lias in the 
south-western counties, are confined mainly to valley-gravels, such 
as border the river Char in Dorsetshire and the Axe in Devon- 
shire. Scattered gravels occur also in the Vale of Ilehester, in the 
Brue valley near Castle Gary, along the Avon valley near Bath 
and Keynsham, and the Severn valley near Stroud and Gloucester. 
Further north there occur not only valley-gravels bordering the 
rivers, but, as before mentioned, extensive beds_of Glacial Drift. 
Beds of rolled oolite-gravel, and coarser accumulations with 
large blocks of Jurassic rocks and Cretaceous materials, occur 
here and there in the Vale of Moreton, near Bourton-on-the- 
Water, Aston Magna, and Mickleton. In this neighbourhood 
we have remnants of valley-gravel and the most southerly traces 
of Glacial Drift, some of the accumulations noted having a 
thickness of 70 feet or more.* The beds, however, have not at 
present been mapped in detail. 
Strickland pointed out that the Vale of Shipston (Shipston-on- 
Stour) probably marked the western limit of the " Flinty Drift " 
(by which term he included the Boulder Clay or Northern 
Drift). t In the Vale of Evesham and bordering tracts we find 
the Lower Lias curiously disturbed in places at the surface, the 
limestones and clays being nipped up in a series of sharp folds. 
Such features were exhibited at Croome D'Abitot and South 
Littleton. (See Fig. 51, p. 146.) 
At Honey bourne the Lower Lias clay is contorted in places, 
and this we find to be the case here and there as we trace the 
Liassic beds onwards to Lincolnshire. Near Bltsworth in North- 
amptonshire the Upper Lias clay is remarkably contorted beneath 
the Boulder Clay. (See Fig. 89, p. 277.) 
Near Rugby the superficial deposits include extensive beds of 
sand and gravel, 70 to 90 feet thick in places, with also Boulder 
Clay. Over large tracts there is a thin covering of sandy and 
loamy soil with quartzite pebbles; while near Church Lawford 
and at other localities there are Pleistocene valley gravels. J 
In Leicestershire there are beds of. Drift sand and gravel, and 
Boulder Clay, that attain in places a thickness of 200 feet, 
Further north, in Lincolnshire there are various Drift deposits, 
and these have been described in the several Geological Survey 
Memoirs on that area. 
* G. E. Gavey, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. ix. p. 29 ; W. C. Lucy, Proc. 
Cotteswold Club, vol. v. p. 71, and vol. vii. p. 50. 
f Memoirs of H. E. Strickland, p. 90. 
j Explanation of Horizontal Section, sheet 140, p. 11. 
Judd, Geol. Rutland, p. 141 ; Deeley, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xlii. p. 43 
