178 LOWER OOLITIC ROCKS OF ENGLAND : 
FT. IN. 
("Reddish sandy soil 1 
| Sand with a small Mixture of Earth in 
Northampton J it, about - - 4 
Sand. I Ordinary Reddish Walling- Stone, in 
several thin courses - - 3 
(jFreestene [sandstones], in five courses 6 
At Thorpe Mandeville the rock, which has ben quarried for 
building-stone, consists of a calcareous and slightly micaceous 
sandstone. Many outliers of Northampton Sand are met with on 
Burton Dassett Hills, and between Wardington and Daventry. 
As a rule they furnish little evidence beyond more or less ferru- 
ginous sands and thin-bedded sandstone, with occasional ironstone 
and lignite, but some fossil shells have been obtained from the 
sands at Dane's Hill, east of Daventry.* Iron-ore was at one 
time worked at Culworth. 
A fine series of sections showing the sequence from the North- 
ampton Sand to the Oxford Clay has been opened up at Stowe- 
Nine-Churches ; the beds seen below the Great Oolite were as 
follows : 
FT. IN. 
Upper S e r t U 8 arine } Grey and bluish clay - - - 3 
fWhite and brown sands, with vertical 
Lower Estuarine I plant-markings - - 9 
Series and J Building-stone (poor) passes laterally 
Northampton j into Ironstone - - 5 
Sand. I Ironstone-beds ; ferruginous and con- 
[__ cretionary sandy beds - 20 
Upper Lias Clay (Not exposed). 
These beds are faulted against the Great Oolite. The strata 
have been described very fully by Mr. Beeby Thompson,! undei 
whose guidance I examined the sections. 
A large brickyard, east of Towcester, belonging to the " Easton 
Estate and Mining Co.," showed the following section : 
FT. IN. 
Northampton / Ferruginous beds, with nodules of pale 
Beds. \ argillaceous ironstone near base - 6 
fG-rey clay, with two or three imper- 
-n- T . J sistent bands of ironstone, to depth of 
Upper Lias &bout . . . - 10 
(^Bluish-grey clay - 30 
(Well sunk 14 feet deeper in clay.) 
Red Drain-pipes, Bricks, Slabs, Ridge-tiles, Paving-tiles, and Chimney- 
pots are here manufactured. 
The above section is of interest as affording some evidence of 
conformity between the Northampton Sand and the Upper Lias 
Clay. Even if the iron-ore itself is due to infiltration or replace- 
ment after the accumulation and consolidation of the strata, the 
material replaces bands that tend to show conformity. 
* Aveline, Geol. part of Northamptonshire, p. 11. 
f Journ. Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. vi. p. 294 ; see also Phillips, 
Geol. Oxford, &c., p. 146. 
