MAMMALIA — RUMINANTIA. 
65 
buck 4' 3'' long ; horns 2' ‘6 " ; distance between them at root 10'", in 
the middle 1' 4f", at the tip 1' 3" : habitat, the heights of the Caucasus. 
This species comes nearest the Capra pyrenaica in the form of the horns. 
Keyserling and Blasius have already remarked, in the “ Wirbelthieren 
Europas,” that the Cretan Wild Goat, drawn by Belon, is probably 
Capra sinaitica. A specimen in the Konigsberg Museum, which is 
reported to have come from Crete — and is decidedly C. sinaitica, as 
Blasius adds in the appendix — confirms this conjecture (Bericht der 
Vers. z. Braunschw. p. 91). 
The presence of the Wild Goats in the Nilgherries has been proved by 
Delessert, who killed some there (Journ. d’un Voy. dans ITnde, p. 116). 
Blyth was also informed by Lieutenant Beagin, of the existence of a 
true Ibex upon the Nilgherries, with long knotty horns, and great beard, 
in which characters it differs from the Himalayan Ibex (Ann. ix. p. 62). 
Lord describes two specimens of the Markhor from Cabool, which 
Vigne also found in Lesser Tibet. Lord calls it a true Goat, which he 
compares with Capra cegagrus. Lachrymal grooves wanting. In the 
first specimen, the horns are long, oval, anteriorly very much flattened, 
with twelve protuberances or galls, which do not run all round; two 
finger’s-breadth distant from each other at the root, then receding 
farther, whilst they twist somewhat outwards, upwards, and then back- 
wards ; colour muddy brownish-grey, lighter beneath, but almost black 
on the front of the legs ; the beard is black, and confined to a tuft under 
the chin ; tail with a black pencilling of hair ; horns towards the root 
blackish, further up dirty yellow ; body 4' 10^" ; tail 9" ; height of 
shoulders 2' 10" ; horns, according to twist, 2' : on the hills north of 
Cabool. The other specimen came from the hills at Baghlan. Horns, 
at the posterior base, touching each other, anteriorly separated by a 
finger’s breadth, advancing in long spiral windings upwards, outwards, 
and a little backwards, forming two complete circuits. Without these 
circles, the horn would be completely triangular ; rings or wrinkles 
wanting, although it is rough. Colour muddy red-grey, blackish from 
the horns to the tail ; abdomen, haunches, and feet below the knees 
grey ; horns dirty yellowish-white, darker beneath, with distinct annual 
furrows ; beard grey, with long white shaggy hairs continued down on 
the neck ; body 4' 10^" ; tail 6" ; horns, in a straight line, 2' IJ" ; 
according to twist 2' 6" ; distance of tips 1' 8". Distinguished by the 
upright spiral formed horns. On account of the variety in the form of 
the horns, Blyth looks on this Markhor as a Goat become wild. 
Under the two articles Boeuf and Buffle, in D’Orb. Diet. 
Univ. d’Hist. Nat. ii., Boiilin has given a good Monograph of 
the genus Ox. 
He brings them into four groups : — a. Oxen ( Taur cause) ; forehead 
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