14 
REPORT ON BOTANY, MDCCCXLI : 
application of iodine, still retained some thickness, but had 
become soft and spongy ; and this was also the case with the 
dots and stripes (lineaments) which do not disappear. They 
are of opinion, therefore, that the deposited substances are not 
only deposited externally, but have also penetrated into the 
internal structure of the tissue. 
An elaborate treatise, on this subject, by M. Payen, is 
published in the same Journal, vol. xiv. p. 73, being the 
results of elementary analyses of the cellular tissue of various 
plants. These were : — The ovule of the kernels of almonds, 
pears, and apples, and Helianthus annuus, the membranous 
part of the cambium of cucumbers, the cellular tissue of 
cucumbers, the pith of Samhucus nigra, of Msclfiynomene 
paludosa, cotton cleansed once, and cotton cleansed twice, 
the spongioles of roots. The analyses fluctuate between 43 
and 45 parts of carbon in 100 ; 6.04 and 6.32 hydrogen ; 
and 48.55 and 50.59 oxygen. The formula of C 24 H 0 ^ 
+ H 2 0 corresponds with these analyses. Other researches 
are added to this. Leaves were, with difficulty, freed from a 
waxy substance, but at last gave a cellular substance of the 
same composition as the former. Spiral vessels of Musa 
sapientum evidently contained a covering, “ matiere incrus- 
tante for, only on being cleansed by the application of am- 
monia, water, weak muriatic acid, &c., did they give 0.484 
carbon ; on being treated by potass with heat, only 0.44 
carbon ; the latter had otherwise the same proportion as the 
normal cellular tissue. The pure membrane taken from the 
grains of wheat had the usual constituents. The cells in the 
circumference of the albumen exhibited a grey colour, which 
originates from a gelatinous substance that covers the mem- 
brane. The application of tannin colours and contracts this 
substance, ammonia and acetic acid dissolve it, and leave the 
pure membrane ; solution of iodine colours the gelatinous sub- 
stance yellow, the starch dark violet, and leaves the membrane 
uncoloured. There remains in the grain only pure membrane 
after germination. Vegetable remains, from cow dung, were 
easily cleansed, and the membrane then had the usual com- 
position. The hair of the seed of the Virginian Poplar Tree 
406 
