MONSTROSITIES, 
87 
occurrence. 4. Corolla without an upper lip, the lower lip 
with four divisions, four spurs of the same length, four sepals ; 
a solitary specimen. 5. Corolla almost without an upper lip, 
the lower lip with live divisions, seven spurs, six filaments, 
two shorter, eight sepals ; very rare. 6. Regular corolla, with 
five divisions, five spurs ; rare. 7. Corolla with two lobes, 
but at the base with one to three, even sometimes four, flower- 
like appendages, coloured like the lower lip of the corolla; 
some of these corollas had two spurs ; one specimen had a 
very developed corolla-like appendage, almost as long as the 
corolla ; the two lips of the latter were lying horizontally, the 
spur had remained vertical. 8. Corolla perfectly reversed, and 
provided at the base with a genuine petal. 9. Corolla with 
two lobes, a flower-like appendage at the basis, three spurs 
of the same length, fibre filaments ; rare. 10. The upper lip 
of the corolla with three divisions, the lower lip in four ; rare. 
11. Corolla with two lobes, without spurs. 12. Stem with 
bands. It is owing, in my opinion, to the singular position 
of this species, between the Personatod and the Solanacece, 
that the flower of Linaria vulgaris exhibits a greater number 
of modifications than any other plant. It is, to make use of 
a simile, as if the flower was resorting to all possible means to 
return from its fettered state with the lips of the Personatce, 
to the regular one of the Solanacece, with which it is really 
related. The modifications do not, as far as I know, extend 
themselves to the ovary, for it has nearly the same form in 
both these natural orders. 
M. Gbppert has published an account of some observations 
on Malformations in a specimen of Tragopogon orientale, in 
the general review of the works of the Silesian Society, f. v. 
L., 1840, p. 103. The pappus, in most of the flowers, was 
changed into small lancet-like pointed leaves, and the corolla, 
anthers, and stigma, were coloured a slight green. In some 
flowers, the filaments, as well as the anthers, were changed 
into small tender green leaves, and a new, perfect, small 
flower-head had formed itself in the axil of the stigma ; the 
stigmata, at the same time, commencing to assume a leaf- 
like character. A rare proliferation certainly. 
479 
