40 
ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
[part in. 
In the above list the species marked * extend to Tierra del 
Fuego. It is a remarkable fact that so many of the species 
belong to genera which are wholly Neotropical, and that the 
specially South American families of Icteridse, Tyrannidae, Den- 
drocolaptidse, Pteroptochidae, Trochilidse, and Conuridae, should 
supply more than one-third of the species ; while the purely 
South American genus Phrygilus, should be represented by four 
species, three of which abound in Tierra del Puego. 
Plate XVI. A Scene in the Andes of Chili , with characteristic 
Animals. — The fauna of South Temperate America being most 
fully developed in Chili, we place the scene of our illustration 
in that country. In the foreground we have a pair of the 
beautiful little chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera ), belonging to a 
family of animals peculiar to the sub-region. There are only 
two species of this group, both confined to the higher Andes, at 
about 8000 feet elevation. Coming round a projecting ridge of 
the mountain, are a herd of vicunas ( Auchenia vicugna), one of 
that peculiar form of the camel tribe found in South America and 
confined to its temperate and alpine regions. The upper bird is 
a plant-cutter (Phytotoma ram), of sober plumage but allied to 
the beautiful chatterers, though forming a separate family. Below, 
standing on a rock, is a plover-like bird, the Thinocorus orbi- 
gnianus , which is considered to belong to a separate family, 
though allied to the plovers and sheath-bills. Its habits are, 
however, more those of the quails or partridges, living inland in 
dry and desert places, and feeding on plants, roots, and insects. 
Above is a condor, the most characteristic bird of the high 
Andes. 
Reptiles and Amphibia. — These groups show, for the most part, 
similar modifications of American and Neotropical forms, as those 
we have seen to prevail among the birds. Snakes do not seem 
to go very far south, but several South American genera of Colu- 
bridse and Dendrophidae occur in Chili ; while Enophrys is pecu- 
liar to La Plata, and Gallorhinus to Patagonia, both belonging 
to the Colubridae. The Elapidae do not extend into the tem- 
perate zone ; but Craspedocephalus, one of the Crotalidae, occurs 
at Bahia Blanca in Patagonia (Lat. 40° S.) 
