CHAP. XIV.] 
THE NEOTROPICAL REGION. 
49 
Islands of the South Temperate Sub-region. 
These are few, and of not much zoological interest. Tierra 
del Fuego, although really an island, is divided from the main- 
land by so narrow a channel that it may be considered as 
forming part of the continent. The guanaco ( Auchenia huanaco ) 
ranges over it, and even to small islands further south. 
The Falkland Islands. — These are more important, being 
situated about 350 miles to the east of Southern Patagonia; 
but the intervening sea is shallow, the 100 fathom line of sound- 
ings passing outside the islands. We have therefore reason to 
believe that they have been connected with South America at a 
not distant epoch; and in agreement with this view we find most 
of their productions identical, while the few that are peculiar 
are closely allied to the forms of the mainland. 
The only indigenous Mammals are a wolf-like fox ( Pseu - 
dalopex antarcticus) said to be found nowhere else, but allied to 
two other species inhabiting Southern Patagonia ; and a species 
of mouse, probably one of the American genera Resperomys or 
Beithrodon. 
Sixty- seven species of Birds have been obtained in these 
islands, but only 18 are land- birds ; and even of these 7 are 
birds of prey, leaving only 11 Passeres. The former are all 
common South American forms, but one species, Milvago australis, 
seems peculiar. The 11 Passeres belong to 9 genera, all found on 
the adjacent mainland. Three, or perhaps four, of the species 
are however peculiar. These are Phrygilus melanoderus, P. 
xanthogrammus, Cinclodes antarcticus , and Muscisaxicola maclo- 
viana. The wading and swimming birds are of little interest, 
except the penguins, which are greatly developed ; no less than 
eight species being found, five as residents and three as acci- 
dental visitors. 
No reptiles are known to inhabit these islands. 
Juan Fernandez. — This island is situated in the Pacific Ocean, 
about 400 miles west of Valparaiso in Chili. It is only a few 
miles in extent, yet it possesses four land-birds, excluding the 
powerful Accipitres. These are Turdus falklandicus; Anceretes 
VOL. II. e 
