138 
ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. 
[part in. 
shores of Lake Superior; 177 being Geodephaga and 39 
Longicorns. 
Greenland. — This great arctic island must be considered as 
belonging to the Nearetic region, since of its six land mammals, 
three are exclusively American (Myodes torquatus, Lepus glacialis, 
and Ovibos moschatus), while the other three ( Vulpes lagopus, 
Ursus maritimus , and Eangifer tarandus) are circumpolar. Only 
fourteen land-birds are either resident in, or regular migrants to 
the country ; and of these two are European ( Halimtus albicilla , 
and Falco peregrinus), while three are American (Anthus ludovi - 
cianus , Zonotrichia leucophrys, and Lagopus rupestris), the rest 
being arctic species common to both continents. The waders 
and aquatics (49 in number) are nearly equally divided between 
both continents; but the land-birds which visit Greenland as 
stragglers are mostly American. Yet although the Nearetic 
element somewhat preponderates, Greenland really belongs to 
that circumpolar debateable land, which is common to the two 
North Temperate regions. 
Concluding remarks. — We have already discussed pretty fully, 
though somewhat incidentally, the status and relations of the 
Nearctic region ; first in our chapter on Zoological regions, then 
in our review of extinct faunas, and lastly in the earlier part of 
this chapter. It will not therefore be necessary to go further 
into the question here ; but we shall, in our next chapter, give 
a brief summary of the general conclusions we have reached as 
to the past history and mutual zoological relations of all the 
great divisions of the earth. 
