CHAP. XVII.] 
MAMMALIA. 
219 
regions or the Tropics. They range in fact over the whole of the 
great continents of the globe, with the one striking exception of 
Africa, where they are only found on the shores of the Mediterra- 
nean which form part of the Palaearctic region. Tire following 
is the distribution of the genera. 
Alces (1 species), the elk or moose, ranges all over Northern 
Europe and Asia, as far south as East Prussia, the Caucasus, and 
North China ; and over Arctic America to Maine on the East, and 
British Columbia on the west. The American species may 
however be distinct, although very closely allied to that of 
Europe. Tarandus (1 species), the reindeer, has a similar range 
to the last, but keeps farther north in Europe, inhabiting Green- 
land and Spitzbergen ; and in America extends farther south, to 
New Brunswick and the north shore of Lake Superior. There 
are several varieties or species of this animal confined to special 
districts, but they are not yet well determined. Cervus (40 
species), the true deer, have been sub-divided into numerous sub- 
genera characteristic of separate districts. They range over the 
whole area of the family, except that they do not go beyond 
57° N. in America and a little further in Europe and Asia. In 
South America they extend over Patagonia and even to Tierra 
del Euego. They are found in the north of Africa, and over the 
whole of the Oriental region, and beyond it as far as the Mo- 
luccas and Timor, where however they have probably been intro- 
duced by man at an early period. Dama (1 species), the fallow 
deer, is a native of the shores of the Mediterranean, from Spain 
and Barbary to Syria. Cajpreolus (2 species), the roe-deer, inhabits 
all Temperate and South Europe to Syria, with a distinct species 
in N. China. Cervulus (4 species), the muntjacs, are found in 
all the forest districts of the Oriental region, from India and 
Ceylon to China as far north as Ningpo and Formosa, also south- 
ward to the Philippines, Borneo, and Java. Moschus (I species) 
the musk-deer, inhabits Central Asia from the A moor and 
Pekin, to the Himalayas and the Siamese mountains above 
8000 ft. elevation. This is usually classed as a distinct family, 
but M. Milne-Edwards remarks, that it differs in no important 
points of organisation from the rest of the Cervidae. Hydropotcs 
