CIIAP. XVII.] 
MAMMALIA. 
225 
The genus Capra consists of several sub-groups which have 
been named as genera, but it is unnecessary here to do more than 
divide them into “ Goats and Ibexes ” on the one hand and 
“ Sheep ” on the other — each comprising 11 species. The former 
range over all the South European Alps from Spain to the Cau- 
casus ; to Abyssinia, Persia, and Scinde ; over the high Himalayas 
to E. Thibet and N. China; with an outlying species in the 
Neilgherries. The latter are only found in the mountains of Cor- 
sica* Sardinia, and Crete, in Europe ; in Asia Minor, Persia, 
and in Central and North-Eastern Asia, with one somewhat 
isolated species in the Atlas mountains ; while in America a 
species is found in the Rocky Mountains and the coast range 
of California. Ovibos (1 sp.), the musk-sheep, inhabits Arctic 
America north of lat. 60; but it occurs fossil in Post-glacial 
gravels on the Yena and Obi in Siberia, in Germany and France 
along with the Mammoth and with flint implements, and in 
caves of the Reindeer period ; also in the brick earth in the 
south of England, associated with Rhinoceros megarhinus and 
EUphas antiguus. 
Extinct Bovidcc. — In the caverns and diluviums of Europe, of 
the Post-Pliocene period, the remains are found of extinct species 
of Bos, Bison, and Capra; and in the caverns of the south of France 
Rupicapra, and an antelope near Hippotragus. Bos and Bison 
also occur in Pliocene deposits. In the Miocene of Europe, the 
only remains are antelopes closely allied to existing species, and 
these are especially numerous in Greece, where remains referred 
to two living and four extinct genera have been discovered. In 
the Miocene of India numerous extinct species of Bos, and two 
extinct genera, Hemibos and Amphibos, have been found, one of 
them at a great elevation in Thibet. Antelopes, allied to living 
Indian species, are chiefly found in the Nerbudda deposits. 
In North America, the only bovine remains are those of a 
Bison, and a sheep or goat, in the Post-pliocene deposits; and 
of two species of musk-sheep, sometimes classed in a distinct 
genus Roolherium, from beds of the same age in Arkansas and 
Ohio. Casoryx , from the Pliocene of Nebraska, is supposed to be 
allied to the antelopes and to deer. 
VOL. II. Q 
