CHAP. XVIII.] 
BIRDS. 
273 
The Corvid®, or Crows, Jays, &c., form an extensive and 
somewhat heterogeneous group, some members of which inhabit 
almost every part of the globe, although none of the genera are 
cosmopolitan. The true crows are found everywhere but in 
South America ; the magpies, choughs, and nutcrackers are 
characteristic of the Palaearctic region ; the jays are Palaearctic, 
Oriental, and American ; while the piping crows are peculiarly 
Australian. The more detailed distribution of the genera is as 
follows : — 
Sub-family I. Gymnorhininae (Piping Crows). — Strepem (4 
sp.), and Gymnorhina (3 sp.), are Australian only ; Cracticus (9 
sp.), ranges from New Guinea to Tasmania (this is usually put 
with the Shrikes, but it has more affinity with the preceding 
genera) ; Pityriasis (1 sp.), Borneo (an extraordinary bird of very 
doubtful affinities) ; Grallina (1 sp.), Australia, is put here by 
Sundevall, — among Motacillidse, by Gould. 
Sub-family IT, Garrulinse (Jays). — Platylophus — Lophoeitta 
(4 sp.), Malaya ; Garrulus (12 sp.), Palaearctic region, China and 
Himalayas ; Perisoreus (2 sp.), North of Palsearctic and Nearctic 
regions ; Cyanurus (22 sp.), American, from Bolivia to Canada, 
most abundant in Central America, but absent from the Antilles ; 
Cyanocorax (15 sp.), La Plata to Mexico ; Calocitta (2 sp.), Gua- 
temala and Mexico ; Psilorhinus (3 sp.), Costa Pica to Texas ; 
Urocissa (6 sp.), Western Himalayas to China and Formosa ; 
Cissa (3 sp.), South-eastern Himalayas to Tenasserim, Ceylon, 
Sumatra, and Java. 
Sub-family III. Dendrocittinae (Tree Crows). — Temnums (3 
sp.), Cochin China, Malacca to Borneo (not Java) ; Dendro- 
citta (9 sp.), the Oriental region to Sumatra, Hainan, and For- 
mosa ; Crypsirhina (3 sp.), Pegu, Siam, and Java ; Ptilostomus 
(2 sp.), West, East, and South Africa. 
Sub-family IY. Corvime (Crows and Magpies). — Nucifraga (4 
sp.), Palaearctic region to the Himalayas and North China ; Pici - 
corvus (1 sp.), the Eocky Mountains and California ; Gymndkitta 
(1 sp.), Pocky Mountains and Arizona (Plate XYIII., Yol. II., 
p. 128); Pica (9 sp.), Palaearctic region, Arctic America, and 
California; Cyanopica (3 sp.), Spain, North-east Asia, Japan; 
VOL. II. t 
