338 
GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. 
[PART IV. 
Europe and extended westward to the shores of the Atlantic, 
while some even reached Ireland and the Faeroes. (Plate III. 
VoL I p. 226.) 
Family 8 7. — TETK AONTDiE. (29 Genera, 170 Species.) 
General Distribution, 
Neotropical 
Sub-regions. 
Nearctio 
S jr-regions. 
Palsearctic 
Sub-regions. 
Ethiopian 
Sub-regions. 
Oriental 
Sub-regions. 
Australian 
Sub-regions. 
— a. 3 .4 
1 . 2 . 3.4 
1 . 2 . 3 .4 
1 . 2 . 3. 4 
1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ] 
1 . 2-4 
The Tetraonidae, including the Grouse, Partridges, Quails, and 
allied forms, abound in all parts of the Eastern continents ; they 
are less plentiful in North America and comparatively scarce in 
South America, more than half the Neotropical species being 
found north of Panama ; and in the Australian region there are 
only a few of small size. The Ethiopian region probably contains 
most species ; next comes the Oriental — India proper from the 
Himalayas to Ceylon having twenty ; while the Australian region, 
with 15 species, is the' poorest. These facts render it probable 
that the Tetraonidse are essentially denizens of the great northern 
continents, and that their entrance into South America, Aus- 
tralia, and even South Africa,, is, comparatively speaking, recent. 
They have developed into forms equally suited to the tropical 
plains and the arctic regions, some of them being among the few 
denizens of the extreme north, as well as of the highest alpine 
snows. The genera are somewhat unsettled, and there is even 
some uncertainty as to the limits between this family and the 
next ; hut the following are those now generally admitted : — 
Ptilopachus (1 sp.). West Africa; Francolinus (34 sp.), all 
Africa, South Europe, India to Ceylon, and South China ; Orty- 
gornis (3 sp.), Himalayas to Ceylon, Sumatra, and Borneo : PeM- 
perdix (1 sp.), West Africa ; Perdix (3 sp.), the whole Continen- 
tal Palsearctic region ; Margaroperdix (1 sp.), Madagascar ; Oreo- 
perdix (1 sp.), Formosa ; Arborophila (8 sp.), the Oriental Con- 
tinent and the Philippines ; Peloperdix (4 sp.), Tenasserim and 
Malaya ; Coturnix (21 sp.), Temperate Palsearctic, Ethiopian and 
