CHAP. XYII1.] 
BIRDS. 
343 
Antilles, nor west of the Andes south of the hay of Guayaquil. 
The sub-families and genera are as follows : — 
Crackle, 4 genera. — Grax (8 sp.), Mexico to Paraguay 
(Plate XV., Yol. IX. p. 28) ; Noihocrax (1 sp.), Guiana, Upper 
Eio Negro, and Upper Amazon ; Pauxi (1 sp.), Guiana to 
Venezuela; Mitua (2 sp.), Guiana and Upper Amazon. 
PERELOPiNiE, 7 genera. — Stegnolcema (1 sp.), Columbia and 
Ecuador ; Penelope (14 sp.), Mexico to Paraguay and to western 
slope of Ecuadorian Andes ; Penelopina (1 sp.), Guatemala ; 
Pipile (3 sp.), Venezuela to Eastern Brazil; Aburria (1 sp), 
Columbia ; Chamcepetes (2 sp.), Costa Eica to Peru ; Ortalida 
(18 sp.), New Mexico to Paraguay, also Tobago. 
Okeophasim, 1 genus. — Oreophctsis (1 sp.), Guatemala. 
It thus appears that the Cracinse are confined to South America 
east of the Andes, except one species in Central America; 
whereas nine Penelopinm and Oreophasis are found north of 
Panama. The species of the larger genera are strictly repre- 
sentative, each having its own distinct geographical area, so that 
two species of the same genus are rarely or never found in 
the same locality. 
Family 92. — TINAMULE. (9 Genera, 39 Species.) 
General Distribution. 
Neotropical 
Sub-regions. 
NE ARCTIC 
Sub-regions. 
PALvEARCTIC 
Sub- regions. 
Ethiopian 
Sub-regions, 
Oriental 
Sub-regions, 
Australian 
Sub-regions. 
1 . 2.3 
The Tinamous are a very remarkable family of birds, with the 
general appearance of partridges or hemipodes, but with the tail 
either very small or entirely wanting. They differ greatly in 
their organization from any of the Old World Gallinse, and ap- 
proach, in some respects, the Struthiones or Ostrich tribe. They 
are very terrestrial in their habits, inhabiting the forests, open 
plains, and mountains of the Neotropical region, from Patagonia 
and Chili to Mexico ; but, like the Cracidse, they are absent from 
the Antilles. Their colouring is very sober and protective, as is 
the case with so many ground-birds, and they are seldom adorned 
