420 
GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. 
[PART IV. 
Family 19. — BANIDiE. (26 Genera, 150 Species.) 
General Distribution. 
N EOTROPICAL 
Sub-regions. 
Nearctic 
Sub-regions. 
PAL.EARCTIC 
Sub-regions. . 
Ethiopian 
Sub-rkgions. 
Oriental 
Sub- regions. 
Australian 
Sub-regions. 
1 . 2 . 3.4 
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1 . 2 . 3 . 4 
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1 . 2 , 3.4 
1 . 2 . 3.4 
1 . 2 . 3 .4 
1.2 
The Banidse, or true Frogs, are characterised by having simple 
undilated toes, but neither neck-glands nor dilated sacrum. 
They are almost cosmopolitan, extending to the extreme north 
and south from the North Cape to Patagonia, and they are equally 
at home in the tropics. They are perhaps most abundant in 
South America, where a large number of the genera and species 
are found; the Ethiopian region comes next, while they are 
rather less abundant in the Oriental and Australian regions ; the 
Nearctic region has much less (about 12 species), while the Palae- 
arctic has only five, and these two northern regions only possess 
the single genus Rana. The genera are distributed as follows : — 
Rana (60 sp.), ranges all over the world, except Australia and 
South America, although it extends into New Guinea and into 
Mexico and Central America ; it is most abundant in Africa. 
Pyxicephalus (7 sp.), extends over the whole Ethiopian region, 
Hindustan, the Himalayas, and Japan; Cystignatkus (22 sp.), 
is mainly Neotropical, but has three species Ethiopian. All the 
other genera are confined to single regions. The Neotropical 
genera are : — Odontophrynus (1 sp.), Pseudis (1 sp.), Pithecopsis 
(1 sp.), Ensophleus (1 sp.), Limnocharis (1 sp.), Hemiphradm 
(1 sp.), all Tropical South American east of Andes ; Ceratophrys 
(5 sp.), Panama to La Plata ; Cyclommphus (1 sp.), West Ecuador 
and Chili ; Pleurodema (6 sp.), Venezuela to Patagonia ; Zeiuperus 
(12 sp.), Mexico and St. Domingo to Patagonia; Hylorhina 
(1 sp.), Chiloe. The Australian genera are : — Myxophyes (1 sp.), 
Queensland ; Platypledrum (2 sp.), Queensland and West Aus- 
tralia; Neobatrachus (1 sp.), South Australia; Limnodynastes 
7 sp.), and Crinia (11 sp.), Australia and Tasmania. The 
