CIIAI*. XIX.] 
REPTILES. 
423 
regions is well shown in this group, by the Phryniseidse, 
Hylidae, and Discoglossidae, which present allied forms in both ; 
as well as by the genus Liopelma of New Zealand, allied to 
the Bombinatoridae of South America, and the absence of the 
otherwise cosmopolitan genus Rana from both continents. The 
affinity of the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions is shown by the Pro- 
teidse, which are confined to them, as well as by the genus Triton 
and almost the whole of the extensive family of the Salaman- 
dridse. The other regions are also well differentiated, and there 
is no sign of a special Ethiopian Amphibian fauna extending 
over the peninsula of India, or of the Oriental and Palsearctic 
regions merging into each other, except by means of genera of 
universal distribution. 
Fossil Amphibia. — The extinct Labyrinthodontia form a separ- 
ate order, which existed from the Carboniferous to the Triassic 
period. No other remains of this class are found till we reach 
the Tertiary formation, when Newts and Salamanders as well 
as Frogs and Toads occur, most frequently in the Miocene de- 
posits. The most remarkable is the Andrias scheuchzeri from 
the Miocene of (Eningen, which is allied to Sieboldia maxima 
the great salamander of Japan. 
