444 
GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. 
[part IV. 
confined to Equatorial America. The distribution of the genera 
is as follows : — 
Arges (2 sp.), Andes of Peru and Ecuador ; Stygogenes (2 sp.), 
Andes; Brontes (1 sp.), Andes; Astroblepus (1 sp.), Popayan ; 
Callichthys (11 sp.), Tropical South America east of Andes, and 
Trinidad ; Plecostomus (15 sp.), Tropical South America east of 
Andes, and Trinidad ; Liposarcus (3 sp.), Surinam and Brazil ; 
Chmtostomus (25 sp.), Tropical America, Trinidad, and Porto 
Rico ; Pterygoplichthys (4 sp.), Brazil ; Rhinelepis (1 sp.), Brazil; 
Acanthicus (2 sp.), Equatorial America; Loricaria (17 sp.). 
Tropical South America east of Andes ; Aeestra (4 sp.), Brazil 
and Guiana ; Pisor (1 sp.), Northern Bengal ; Erethistes (1 sp.), 
Assam ; Pseudecheneis (1 sp.), Khasya Hills ; Exostoma (2 sp.), 
Assam and Tenasserim ; Bunocephalus (2 sp.), Guiana ; Puno~ 
cephaliehthys (1 sp.), Rio Branco, North Brazil ; Aspredo (6 sp.), 
Guiana. 
Sub-family 7 (Silurid^e Opisthopter^) consists of two 
groups: Nematogenyina (2 genera), and Trichomycterina (3 
genera), and is confined to South America. The distribution of 
the genera is as follows 
Heptapterus (2 sp.), South America; Nematogenys (1 sp.). 
Chili; Trichomycterus (7 sp.), South America to 15,000 feet 
elevation ; Eremophilus (1 sp.), Andes of Bogota ; Pariodon (1 
sp.), Amazon. 
Sub-family 8 (Siluridas Eranchicol^:) is confined to Tropi- 
cal South America. It consists of one group, Stegophilina, and 
2 genera : Ptegophilus (1 sp.), Brazil ; and Vandellia (2 sp.), 
Amazon Valley. 
Family 60. CHARACINIDJE. (47 Genera, 230 Species.) 
“ Fresh-water fishes, with scaly bodies and without barbels.” 
Distribution. — The Neotropical and Ethiopian regions. 
This extensive family is divided by Dr. Giintherinto 10 groups, 
viz. : Erythrinina (5 genera), South America ; Curumatina 
