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GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. 
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Family 78.— OSTEOGLOSSHEE. (3 Genera, 5 Species.) 
“ Fresh-water fishes, with large hard scales, and dorsal fin 
opposite and equal to the anal fin.” 
Distribution. — Tropical rivers. 
The genera are : — Osteoglossum (3 sp.), Eastern South America, 
Sunda Islands, and Queensland; Arapaima (1 sp.), Eastern 
South America — the “ Pirarucu ” of the Amazon ; Heterotis (1 
sp.), Tropical Africa. 
Family 79.— CLUPETD^. (18 Genera, 161 Species.) 
“ Marine scaly fishes, without barbels, and with the abdomen 
often compressed and serrated.” 
Distribution.— Seas of the whole globe, many species enter- 
ing rivers. They are most abundant in the Indian seas, less so 
in America, scarce in Africa, while they are almost absent from 
Australia. The Herring, Sprat, Shad, and Pilchard, are British 
species of Clupea . , a genus which contains 61 species and ranges 
all over the world. 
Family 80.-CHIROCEISrTKID,E. (1 Genus, 1 Species.) 
“ A marine fish, with thin deciduous scales, no barbels, and 
posterior dorsal fin.” 
Distribution. — The Eastern seas from Africa to China. 
Family 81.— ALEPOCEPHALID^E. (1 Genus, 1 Species.) 
“ A marine fish, covered with thin cycloid scales, no barbels, 
and posterior dorsal fin.” 
Distribution. — Deep waters of the Mediterranean. 
