502 
GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. 
[PART IV. 
Borneo, Java, Amboy na and South Australia ; Phyton has one 
species in North America and the other in Ceylon; Philage- 
tes has 2 in South Africa, and 1 in Malacca : Toxotus abounds 
in North America and Europe, with one species away in Mada- 
gascar. Leptura is also North Temperate, but has a species at 
the Cape, one at Singapore and a third in Celebes. JSecydalis 
has species in North and South America, Europe and Australia. 
Hylotrupes has 1 species in North America and Europe, and 1 in 
Australia ; Leptocera prefers islands, being found only in Ceylon, 
Madagascar, Bourbon, Batchian, the New Hebrides, New 
Caledonia and North Australia ; Hathliodes is Australian, with 
1 species in Ceylon ; Schwnionta has 3 Malayan species, and 1 
in Natal. Many other cases equally curious could be quoted, 
but these are sufficient. They cannot be held to indicate any 
close relation between the distant countries in which species of 
the same genus are now found, but perhaps serve to remind 
us that groups of great antiquity, and probably of great extent, 
have dwindled away, leaving a few surviving relics scattered far 
and wide, the sole proofs of their former predominance. 
General Observations on the Distribution of Coleoptcra. 
We have now passed in review six of the most important and 
best known groups of the Coleoptera or Beetles, comprising 
about 2,400 genera, and more than 21,000 species. Although 
presenting certain peculiarities and anomalies, we have found 
that, on the whole, their distribution is in very close accordance 
with that of the higher animals. We have seen reason to 
believe that these great and well-marked groups have a high 
geological antiquity, and by constantly bearing this fact in mind, 
we can account for many of the eccentricities of their distribu- 
tion. They have probably survived changes of physical geo- 
graphy which have altogether extinguished many of the more 
highly organised animals, and we may perhaps gain some insight 
into the bearing of those changes, by considering the cross rela- 
tions between the several regions indicated by them. On care-, 
fully tabulating the indications given by each of the groups here 
discussed, I arrive at the, following approximate result. The 
