520 
GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. 
[part IV. 
Diplommcdina (18 sp.) inhabits India to Burmah, and the 
greater part of the Australian region ; the number of species has 
now been doubled, and one has been discovered in the island 
of Trinidad ; Clostophis (1 sp.), Moulmein ; Paxillus (3 sp.), 
Borneo, Hong Kong, and Loo Choo Islands. 
Family 29. — CYCLOSTOMIDiE. (41 Genera, 1009 Species.) 
(1865.) 
General Distribution. 
Neotropical 
Sub-regions. 
Nearctic 
SuB-REGi0N3. 
Pal.® arctic 
Sub-regions. 
Ethiopian 
Sub-regions. 
Oriental 
Sub-regions. 
Australian 
Sub-regions. 
— 2 . 3 . 4 - 
3 — 
4 - 
to 
1 
l 
1 . 2 . 3 . 4 
1 
This extensive group, comprising the largest of the opercu- 
lated land-shells, is especially characteristic of the Oriental 
region, which possesses 25 genera, no less than 12 of them being 
wholly confined to it. The Neotropical region comes next, with 
15 genera, 9 of which are peculiar; but a large number of 
these are confined to the West Indian Islands, South America 
itself being very poor in this group. The Palaearctic region 
has 3 peculiar genera ; the Ethiopian and Australian 1 each. 
The Nearctic region has but a single West Indian species in 
Florida, The distribution of the genera is as follows : — - 
Peculiar to or characteristic of the Oriental region are, Opts- 
thoporus (11 sp.), Rhiostoma (6 sp.), Alycaeus (39 sp.), Opisthos- 
toma (1 sp.), Hybocistis (3 sp.), Pterocyclos (19 sp.), extending to 
the Moluccas ; Aulopoma (4 sp.), Dermatocera (4 sp.), Leptopoma 
(54 sp,), extending west to the Seychelles and east to the Mo- 
luccas and New Guinea; Cyclophorus (163 sp.), most abundant 
in the Oriental region, but ranges to Japan, to Chili, and all 
Tropical America, over the whole Australian region, and to 
Natal and Madagascar ; Cataulus (15 sp.), confined to Ceylon, 
the Neilgherries and Nicobar Islands ; Rhaphaulus (4 sp.), 
Penang to Ceram ; Streptaulus (1 sp.), Arinia (3 sp.), Piipinella, 
s 2 sp.), Pupina (24 sp.), half in North India to Philippines and 
