538 
GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY, 
[PART IV. 
lusca, as shown in the following table of their range taken from 
Mr. Woodward’s work, but re-arranged, and somewhat modified. 
Range of Families of Mollusca 
in Time ; arranged, in their 
order of appearance and 
disappearance. 
Lower Silurian. 
Upper Silurian. 
Devonian. 
1 Carboniferous. 
j Permian. 
Trias, 
1 Lower Oolite. 
Upper Oolite. 
Lower Cretaceous. 
O 
c 
s 
a 
Q> 
P. 
D. 
<33 
O 
W 
Miocene. 
Pliocene. 
Recent. 
Productidse 
Orthoceratidse 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
. 
Spiriferidse, Orthidse . . . 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
Atlantidse, Hyaloid® ... 
Pyramidellidse, Turbinid® 
IanthidfE, Chitonidse ... 
Lingulid® 
Aviculidse, Mytilid® ... 
Arcadse, Trigoniadse . . . 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
. — 
■ — 
— 
— 
— 
— 
. — 
— 
— 
Cyprinid®, Anatinid®... 
— 
— 
Nautilid® 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
Rhynclionellid®, Cra- ) 
niad®, Discinid® f 
Cardiad®, Lucinid® . . . 
! 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— . 

— 
- — 
Ammonitid® ... 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 


dST aticidse, Calyptr®id®., 
Dentalid®, Terebratulid® 
Helicid® 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
Fissurellid®, Tornatellid® 

Pectinid®, Solenid® . . . 
CeritMad®, Littorini- ) 
d®, AstartidcC ) 
Belemnitid® 
— 
— 
— 
— 
Teuthid®, Sepiad® 
Neritid®, Patellid®, ) 
Bullid® ... \ 
Gastrocli®nid®,Pholadid® 
Limn®id®, Melaniad® 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
Chamid®, Myad® 
Cycladid®, Venerid®, ) 
Tellinid® ... \ 
Hippuritid® 
— 
— 
Unionid® 
Strombid®, Buccinid® 
— 

— 


Conidfe, Volutid® 
— 
— 


— 
Auriculid®, Cyclostomid® 
■ — 
— 
— 
— 
— 
Mactrid® ... — 
— 
— 
— 
— 

Limacidse 
— 
— 
— 

Argon autid® 
— 
— 
Tridaenid® 
1 
— 
— 
Nor is this enormous antiquity confined to family types alone. 
Many genera are equally ancient. The genus Lingula has 
