322 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[September, 
Contents for September, 1873. 
American Pomological Society 330 
An Example for our Agricultural Colleges. 335 
Base-Burning Water-Heater 8 Illustrations. .342 
Bee Notes— Advice to Beginners 330 
Bowline Knot Illustrations. .337 
Boys and Girls' Columns— Sea-Shells — Cowries— 
Something about Insects— Aunt Sue's Puzzle-Box— 
Mysterious Noises— Rural Strategy 4 HI. 348, 349 
Breaking Colts Illustrated.. 339, 340 
Brooms, How they ate Made 5 Illustrations.. 336, 337 
Cattle— A Roman Cattle-Driver Illustrated. .321 
Corn-Meal and Curculio 341 
Distributing Manure by Irrigation 3 Illustrations. .339 
Fairs— State, County, and otlier 353 
Farmers' Movement, The 355 
Farm Work in September 322 
Flower-Garden and Lawn in September 323 
Flowers— Amsouia Illustrated. .311 
Flowers— Golden-Spurred Columbine. . . .Illustrated . .341 
Flowers— Poinsettia, a New Double Illustrated . .344 
Foreign Horticultural Items 313 
Fruit Garden in September 323 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in September 324 
Household Department— Fried Potatoes— What shall 
a Young Woman do for a Liriug?— New Dress Re- 
form Movement — Economizing Space — Closets— 
Tmndle-Beds— Hoop-Skirts— Who is to Blame?— 
Werk for the Girl who Expects to Marry— Washing 
Mill; Dishes 3 Illustrations. .345, 346 
How Farmers are Swindled 333 
Insecticide ..343 
Inventors, Interesting to 329 
Kitchen Garden in September 323 
Market Reports 324 
Mill for Grinding Plaster Illustrated . .336 
Moreton Farm 339 
Mules, The Poitou 2 Illustrations . .333 
New Lands at the West 330 
Notes from the Pines— Loss of a Shrub— Perennial 
Phloxes— Early Sweet-Corn— Variegated Foliage — 
Trees with Variegated Foliage— Variegated Box- 
Elder 342,343 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 43— Mr. Robeson's Dairy — 
The Deep-Can System— Mr. Douglas's Plan — Sum- 
mary—Abortion 331,332 
Orange Judd Company 325 
Orchard and Nursery in September 323 
Packing and Marketing Produce 331 
Paris-Green for Insects 343 
Proportion of Cream to Milk -.339 
Rye for Pasturage and Hay 331 
Smut in Wheat 330 
Support for a Corn-Crib Illustrated.. 335 
Support for Plants Illustrated . .343 
Value of Extra Food 333 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 117— Tillage and 
Manure— Diehl and other Wheat— High Farming— 
An Agricultural Platform— Talks with a Visitor on 
Crops' 334,335 
Want of Care 33S 
Water-Bars Illustrated.. 336 
INDEX TO "BASKET," OH BHORTEQ ARTICLES. 
Calendar for September. 
About Tails 
A"'l Laborers' Union 
Apple Blight 
Big Head 
Bran and Meal for Pigs. 
Buckwheat for Cows 
Burning Lime 
Bushherg Vineyards 
Caponizing 
Colorado Beetle 
Compost for Corn ..... . 
Commencing Fanning. . 
Corn and Feed Mill 
Death of A. C. Collins.. 
Decalcomanie 
Dbl. White Pelargonium 
Duck Interest 
Early Rose South 
English Wnlnnt 
Engines inCheescFacto'; 
Feeding Meal 
Founder Cure 
Frauds in Guano 
Gas and Salt Wells 
Guano, Applying 
Harvester and Binder. .. 
Harvest Homo 
Harvesting Beans 
nay Unloader 
Hen Manure 
Hog-Cheese for Pigs 
Indigestion in Horse ... 
Iron and Lead P.pc 
Lactometer Tubes 
LamiKls— Remedy 
Large Sassafras 
"Le Cultivateur" 
Life Ins. at West 
Lime and Wheat 
Lime for Turnip-flea. . . 
Liquid Manure 
Maua-.-ing Manure 
Manure and Earth ... . 
329 Manure Tanks 328 
327 Manure vs.AmmoniaSalts328 
326 Milk Falling off 329 
327 Ogden Farm Catalogue. .326 
328 Paint for Old Buildings.. 328 
328 Pasturing or Plowing 
327 Clover 328 
.326 Patrons of Husbandry. . .329 
.329 Plan for Irrigating 328 
.326 Plant Sale 326 
.3271 Plowing Orchards 328 
.328 
327 
.326 
.826 
.329 
.327 
.829 
.326 
1 327 
.327 
Poultry 327 
Power of Ag'l Press. . . .320 
Purifying Milk 327 
Rifle Practice 325 
Roots for Hogs 328 
Scale of Poiuts— Horses. 32S 
Science Gossip 320 
Scours in Pigs 329 
Sewage Pipes 323 
Shah Horticultural!)- 8S6 
Southern Cow-Peas 355 
Sows do not Breed 326 
.329 
,829 Steaming Food. 
.828 
.329 
321 
.329 
.329 
321 
,328 
.327 
.327 
329 
.321 
Steam on Small Farms. . . 329 
Stinging Stable-fly 328 
Sundry numbugs 325 
.327 
.327 
.329 
.323 
.326 
.327 
.329 
.329 
329 
329 
Texas, or Where ? . 
Thick or Thin Sowing. 
Timber Tree Law 
Undigested Food 
Viek'B Floral Guide . . 
Weeds on Rich Soil . . . 
Weight of Clover Hay. 
.328 Weight Of Corn-Husks 
.326 Wheat on Clover Sod. . 
.326 White Hair 
.326 White Lupin and Lucern.828 
.327 White or Yellow Corn.. .328 
.828 Winter-Feeding Steers. . , 327 
.327 Woman will Talk 329 
.3-27 Word from Bermuda 328 
.3271 Worms in Horse 327 
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9 51 in. 
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43 ev 
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AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST 
NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER, 1S73. 
September is usually one of the rilPwnrntmt 
months in the year. It is also, on our own farm, 
a month of comparative leisure. There is plenty of 
work to be done, but nothing that will suffer from 
a day's delay. Wheat, barley, peas, and oats arc 
all harvested and not unfrcquently thrashed. We 
are beginning to receive the reward of our labor, 
and at the same time arc preparing for auother 
harvest. If our crops do not turn out well we can 
hope for better results next year. But let us see 
to it that we have just grounds for hope. The 
farmer who uses the proper means may reasonably 
hope for good crops. " The fool desireth and hath 
not." Tie hopes for clean land without making 
any effort to kill the weeds; and expects large 
crops from poor, ill-prepared fields. 
We would again and again urge all farmers who 
read the American Agriculturist to make au earnest 
effort to adopt an improved system of agriculture. 
There is pleasure and profit in good crops. It is 
slow work improving land, but if we stick to it the 
end is sure. Each year should find us better men 
and better farmers. 
Hints about. Work. 
Sowing Winter Wheat.— Comparatively little can 
now lie done in preparing land properly for wheat. 
The work should have been done earlier. As a 
rule, it would be better not to sow wheat at all 
than to sow on land that is too wet, too poor, and 
too foul to produce a fair crop. 
We Sj>end Labor Enough in many cases in pre- 
paring our land for wheat, but rarely give time 
enough. To plow twice iu two or three weeks, 
and harrow and roll until the laud is as mellow as 
a garden is not the way to secure a good wheat 
crop. The same amount of labor expended over a 
longer period would produce far better results. 
In England, Great Crops of Wheat are raised by 
turning over a clover sod and drilling in the wheat 
as fast as the land is plowed. We could do the 
same thing here provided our land was in as high 
condition aud the season was wet enough to in- 
sure the germination of the seed and the growth 
of the young plants. 
We Sme a Month Earlier than they do in England, 
and it often happens that the laud is so dry and 
hard at this 6eason that we should find it difficult 
to turn over a clover sod. In exceptional seasons 
wc have known a good crop of wheat grown on a 
clover sod not plowed until the middle of Septem- 
ber, and sown at once on the furrow and harrowed 
iu. But the plan will not do here as a rule. 
Wheat after Spring Crops is now far more com- 
mon than formerly. We adopt this system on our 
own farm, aud therefore can not condemn it ; and 
yet we are satisfied that many farmers would do 
well to abandon the practice. 
The Great Aim of the Wheat- Grower must be to get 
a vigorous, healthy plant iu the autumn. He must 
endeavor to secure this by having rich, moist, aud 
mellow land rather than by early sowing. 
Tf me Sow too Early we run great risk of having 
the crop injured by the Hessian fly. 
On our own Farm we aim to sow from the 5th to 
the loth of September. If the land is in prime 
order we would prefer to sow not earlier tuau 
the 15th. 
Two Bushels per Acre is our rule, and we do not 
find it too much, though many good farmers think 
l 1 ^ bushel is enough. 
Drilling is better than sowing broadcast. It de- 
posits the seed more evenly, aud deposits it iu the 
moist earth. 
The Depth of Sowing is regulated by the character 
of the soil. It would be well not to rover the seed 
more than an inch deep ; but if this does not reach 
the moist earth the drill must be set to sow deeper. 
It is very important to put the seed where it will 
germinate in a few days. 
Where Smut isCommon the seed should be washed 
iu some preparation to kill the spores of smut be- 
fore sowing. Moistening the grain with fermented 
chamber-lye and drying it with lime is an old 
luuiuu,., — a i£ r.-nnwlv done is effectual. See ar- 
ticle on page 330. 
Manuring for Wheat is less common than it should 
be. A little rich, well-rotted manure spread on the 
surface before or after the seed is sown often has a 
wonderful effect. 
Salt on rich laud frequently proves a good fer- 
tilizer for wheat. Sow from two to five bushels 
per acre broadcast before putting iu the wheat. 
The Best Artificial Manures are those of an ammo- 
niacal character, such as Peruvian guano and blood 
manure. Nitrate of soda is a favorite manure in 
England mixed with superphosphate — say 150 lbs. 
of each per acre. If we could buy the nitrate for 
four cents per pound and get §2 per bushel for the 
wheat we could afford to use this manure. 
Drawing Out Manure for Grass-Land may be done 
at any time this month when the men and teams 
are available. Spread it at once and evenly. 
Fall Work is sure to crowd us. It always does. 
Prepare for it. 
Everything that can be done this month had bet- 
ter be done now than later. 
Potatoes that are Wipe should be dug early, so as 
to be out of the way of pressing work next mouth. 
If Prices are Satisfactory sell at once. This is 
always a safe rule for everything, but it is empha- 
tically so for potatoes aud other bulky articles. 
Ditching on Low Land can now be done to advan- 
tage. Commence at the outlet and make the water 
follow you up into the land until your dil eh is from 
three to four feet deep. Iu this way you will lose 
no fall. 
Fire-Wood should be provided for winter, if not 
already attended to. 
Trim the Sides of Ditches, aud cut down all weeds 
iu fence-corners, etc. 
Fall Plowing is good. Fall fallowing is belter. 
Make the Weeds Grow aud theu kill them next 
spring. To do this plow and harrow as much as 
possible. 
