1873.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
403 
woods with axe and cross-cut saw and get a supply 
of the best and dryest down wood or dead trees 
you can find. Split it and put in piles to dry. 
Make the piles where it will be eouvenient to get 
at them either now or in winter. 
Sawdust, where straw is scarce, should be secured 
for bedding. 
Clover-Seed cut and lying in heaps in the field is 
not injured by frost ; but it is well to lose no time 
in getting it into the barn. Thrash it during frosty 
weather. 
May Stacks, if you have now room in the barns, 
and unless they are well thatched, should be drawn 
in. If any part is damaged scatter some 6alt on it 
and put it separate from the rest. 
Animals need special care this month owing to 
the great changes in the weather. They need 
plenty of good food, and 6hould be protected 
from storms. 
Morses that are worked should no longer be 
turned out to pasture. And even those which are 
doing nothing and which are running in the fields 
should have access to shelter and be furnished 
with some dry food, such as straw, hay, stalks, etc. 
Grain is now comparatively cheap, and it is poor 
economy to feed 6traw and hay alone. "With us, 
hay sells for more than corn-meal. Whatever 
agricultural writers may 6ay to the contrary, our 
»nimals would approve of the plan of selling hay, 
if need be, and buying corn-meal. "We think the 
animals are right. 
Milch-Cows should take on more or less fat at 
this time. Grass is usually not very abundant or 
nutritious at this season. Give the cows all they 
wUl eat, night and morning, of a mixture of one 
quart of corn-meal to a bushel of chaffed clover 
hay. If they do not eat more than half a bushel 
each of the mixture at a meal you may double the 
proportion of meal to advantage. Moisten the 
hay and sprinkle the corn-meal upon it and stir 
until well mixed. 
Calves should have abundance of nutritious food, 
and while they may still be allowed to run out 
during warm days should be comfortably housed 
_at night. 
Sheep will pay well for a little grain every day — 
say half a pound each. If the pastures are poor 
feed a little straw or hay. A sheep well Xbvembered 
is half wintered. 
Old and Feeble SJttep should be sold to the butcher. 
It will not pay to winter them. 
Lambs ought to be separated from the rC6t of 
the flock and have the run of the best pasture. A 
little grain, say half a pound per day, and some 
clover hay will prove very beneficial. Let them be 
sheltered during storms. 
Breeding Ewes should be carefully selected. Re- 
ject all that have any defects. Feed liberally. 
Get a pure-bred ram. Put him with the flock five 
months before you wish the lambs to come. He 
should be fed a pound or so of grain per day. The 
better, in moderation, the ewes are fed at this 
season the stronger and healthier will be the lambs, 
and the more of them. 
Fattening Pigs should be pushed forward rapidly 
and sold as soon as fat. Try to make them eat as 
much as they can digest. Give all the water they 
will drink. There is no truth in the idea, we 
think, that if pigs have access to water the pork 
will be soft. It is not well, however, to mix so 
much water with the food as to compel them to 
take more water than they wish. If they have 
cooked food give them some dry corn as well. 
Young Pigs must have warm, dry, and comfort- 
able quarters and the best of food. If the floors 
of the pens are not tight, dry leaves are better for 
bedding than straw, as they will more perfectly 
exclude the cold air. 
and huildiugs and their surroundings will need re- 
pairing, and many little things will need putting to 
rights before snow and frost make their appear- 
ance. The season has been with some crops an 
unfortunate one, while with others a good harvest 
has been gathered, and it becomes every gardener to 
see that he plants only those crops which are rea- 
sonably certain to make fair returns for the labor* 
Work in the Horticultural Departments. 
Although November will find most of the crops 
gathered at the North at least, still there remains 
enough to busy the gardener. There will be fences, 
Orchard and Nursery. 
Planting. — Should the ground remain open this 
month many fruit trees can be set and at a less 
cost than when the work is done in the spring. 
Now labor is plenty, and many a man at this season 
will accept a job at smaller wages than would be 
demanded in the spring. Do not, however, set 
trees in a wet or partly frozen soil ; they will be 
likely to perish. Better occupy the time in cut- 
ting drains and preparing the soil properly. 
Trees not 6et out this fall must he heeled-iu on a 
dry sandy soil where there is no danger of water 
settling during the winter. 
Fruit. — Any remaining ungathered should bo 
harvested at once aud placed where the tempera- 
ture is as low as possible without danger of frost. 
Apples gathered late, stored in barrels and placed 
in a low temperature, will keep a long time. 
Cider. — Continue to make cider from the late 
varieties of apples, using only those which are free 
from rot. Cider made at this season, strained 
through sand to remove all pomace and impurities, 
may he barreled at once, and little or no fermenta- 
tion will take place if kept cool. This makes a 
very fine quality of cider for use during the winter, 
as it remains sweet a long time. The barrel should 
be bunged up as 60on as the cider is put into it. 
Vinegar. — All cider from inferior fruit should be 
made into vinegar. Keep the vinegar barrels open, 
and from time to time add cider, and in a few 
months or years, according to the temperature, 
good vinegar will be the result. 
Stocks. — Take up stocks for root grafting, assort, 
tie in bundles of convenient size, and bury where 
they can be got at readily during the winter. If 
packed in damp sawdust and put in a cool cellar 
they will keep equally well. 
Cions. — Cut at any time when the tree is not 
frozen. Store in sawdust. See that they do not 
dry out during the winter. 
Seedlings which need protection must not be 
covered until quite cold. Leaves are the cheapest 
and best covering which can be used, and they are 
also generally the easiest to procure. 
Fruit (tarden. 
Pears which have been stored for ripening will, 
many of them, now be ready for marketing. If 
properly assorted they will bring good prices. A 
good plan for marketing choice specimens of large 
varieties is to p'ace a single layer in a shallow box, 
wrapping each pear in soft white paper. 
Covering. — Attend to the covering of such plants 
as require protection during the winter. Try to 
apply it just as winter sets in. More plants are 
killed by covering too soon than are lost from de- 
laying the operation. In this latitude the last of 
this month or first of next is soon enough to cover. 
Crape- Vines. — There are nearly as many "sys- 
tems" in training and pruning grape-vines as there 
are persons who grow grapes, aud it will be of no 
use to commend this or that system, as it depends 
a great deal upon what object one has in view in 
training. The different methods have been men- 
tioned from time to time in our columns, and we 
refer the novice to the numerous articles given for 
the last ten years. Suffice it to say that in what- 
ever style pruning may be done, one or more extra 
buds should be left on a cane than will be needed 
in the spring, so as to allow for the winter-killing 
which often happens. If possible, prune in the 
fall, for it is often difficult to prune early enough 
In the spring to prevent bleeding. 
Crape Cuttings. — Save the prunings of such vari- 
eties as it is desirable to propagate. Cut the 
wood iuto proper lengths, containing two or more 
buds ; tie in bundles of not moro than a hun- 
dred, and set iu boxes of sand or light loam in the 
cellar. If bunches larger than a. hundred cuttings 
are put iuto earth there is danger of decay. If 
people generally knew the ease with which grapes 
are propagated there would bo more vineyards, or 
at least moro families who would grow their owd 
grapes thau there arc now. 
Soot Cuttings may now be made of such plants, as 
propagate iu this way. Blackberries and raspber- 
ries are readily increased by root cuttings ; the 
roots are to be cut into pieces two or three inches 
long, packed in a box with sand, and buried in 
spots free from water and deep enough to bo out 
of the way of frost. 
Cuttings of currants and gooseberries cau be 
made and planted as long as the ground remains 
open. The main point to be looked out for i§ to 
pack the earth fiimly around the lower ends of the 
cuttings. 
T)-ellises. — The present month is a good time to 
paint or apply a wash to the trellises which are 
used for training cordon and other farms of trees 
upon. A trellis treated in this way looks better 
and will be more serviceable than when left un- 
painted. 
Insects. — The past season has witnessed the ex- 
tensive ravages in some sections of the white Scale 
or Louse, Aspidiotus HarrisU. If young trees are 
affected to any extent with this insect the shortest 
way to destroy them is to dig up and burn the trees. 
This is a harsh method, and most persons would 
be willing to go to considerable expeuse rather than 
destroy an established orchard. A wash of whale- 
oil soap, to which has been added a small propor- 
tion of carbolic acid, aud applied with a stiff brush 
which will remove the scale, is probably as effec- 
tive as any way yet known. Every scale must, 
however, be removed, for a single one left upon a 
tree will be enough to soon cover it again. 
KitcUen (jarden. 
The directions given last month in regard to 
plowing and spading should be followed as long as 
the ground remains open. Sod land should be 
plowed and left in ridges; so that the frost may 
have a chance to mellow and make it suitable for 
planting in the spring. 
Brains. — Where drains are needed, the present 
month is a good time to lay them, unless the land 
is so wet by the fall rains that it can not be worked 
to advantage. 
Asparagus. — Cover with a thick coating of ma- 
nure, first cutting the tops and burning. If the 
tops are not burued, the seed if scattered through 
the manure will sprout and prove as troublesome to 
exterminate as many of our common weeds. 
Cold-Frames for the protection of cabbages and 
other plants should not be covered except at night 
until very severe weather. The plan should be. to 
keep the plants from growing as well as from 
freezing. 
Cabbages. — The best plan for storing cabbages is 
to invert the heads and cover with four to six 
inches of earth, leaving the roots exposed. A dry 
place where the water will not stand should be 
selected. 
Celery. — Store in trenches a foot wide and deep 
enough to receive the ntalis, placing the plants, as 
close as possible without using any earth, and cover 
with boards and straw, gradually increasing the 
thickness of tha covering as the weather becomes 
more severe. 
Spinach will be all the better in the Epring for a 
slight covering of hay o. leaves, applied jutt as 
the ground begins to freeze. 
Lettuce. — The hardy sorts which were sown last 
month will need a little litter thrown over them to 
preserve them. 
Manure is the main stay of the gardener as well 
as the farmer, as without it nothing can be done, 
while with it wonderful results can be aceomrjlis'hed. 
Apply all that can be carted out this month to the 
