;-t2 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[July, 
Contents for July, 1872. 
Apple-Maggot Fly 2 Illustrations. .2(53 
Bee-Notes for July 249 
Boy- and Girls' Columns — About our Prizes — Wonder- 
ment—Aunt Sue's Puzzle-Box— Little Mischief and 
her Doll— The Fourth of July. .3 Illustrations. .207, 208 
Cabbage Plants, Cold-frame 202 
Cattle, Aldenicy, Breed of 250 
Cattle, Glamorgan Illustrated. .263 
Castern for Liquid Manure Illustrated. .252 
Draining, Will it Injure Lowland Timber and Grass ? 252 
Drain, What Lands will it Pay to 258 
Eggs do not Hatch, Why High-priced 255 
Farm Work for July 242 
Fiber from Cane 1 Illustrations. 259 
Flower Garden and Lawn in July 244 
Fruit Garden in July 243 
Gate, Farm Illustrated.. 252 
Golden Club Illustrated. . 201 
Grain for Cows, Grinding 259 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in July 244 
Harness, Repairing 3* Illustrations.. 257 
Haying, Hints on 359 
Hay-Press 4 Illustrations. . 257 
Household Department— Neighborhood Picnics— Trap- 
ping Rats and Mice — nome Topics — Fritters in 
Haste— Indian Cake 3 Illustrations. .205 
Insects in Relation to Horticulture 201 
Kitchen Garden in July 243 
Market Reports 244 
Meadow-Larks Illustrated. . 241, 250 
Notes from the Pines — We have Buried our Dead — 
Causes of Winter-Killing— Red Maples— Tree-Labels 
— Plant-Labels — Packing Plants— Columbines 263 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 30 — Rain — Improved Stock 
— Jerusalem Artichoke — Plowing 251 
Orchard and Nursery in July 243 
Pig of Sorrento, Neapolitan Illustrated. 253 
Prizes, The Doctor's Talk about 249 
Rake-Cultivator Illustrated.. 252 
Roads, Keeping in Repair 259 
Roots, How to Raise s Illustrations . .255 
Rotation for Farm-Gardening 202 
Southern Park Gate .Illustrated.. 253 
Toads, Shall we Kill 203 
Turnip-Fly 2 Illustrations. . 250 
Turnip, Indian Illustrated. .201 
Turnips, Grow 257 
Walks and Talks on the Farm. No. 103 — "Contrary 
to Nature " — Canker-Worm — Drouth — Clover — Cots- 
wold-Merino Lambs— Wheat — Cheap Meats 254 
" What Ails the Bees' Legs!" I Illustrations. .201 
INDEX TO "BASKET," OR SUOr.TEtt ARTICLES. 
Acre, an 24" Hen-Manure, Value of. ..248 
Agriculture, English... .249 Hen-Manure with Sul- 
Am. Horticulturists for phuric Acid, Treating. 247 
Europe 240 Hide-Bound 248 
Another of the Family.. .249 Hogs, Ringing 248 
Asparagus Bed 245 Honey-Dew 243 
Barley/ How to Boil 24SJHops, Refuse 240 
Bee Notes for July 249 Horse, a Dyspeptic 248 
Bees, Their Management Humbugs, Sundry 245 
and Culture 247 Insects 246 
Beet-root Sugar in N. J.. 249 Ivy, Propagating 273 
Bob-Sleds, Lock for 240 Kansas Ag'l College 249 
Bones.Stcam'd and Boil'd249 Land for Sale 249 
Bones.What to do with. .249 Lane's Beet 245 
Buckskins, Tanning 247 Lime-Kilns 249 
Butter.White Specks in..24S Lime on Garden Land... 273 
Butter, Whyitwon'Lcome24G[Lime, Salt, and Plaster.. 273 
Cabbage-Flies 24GiLiquid-Manure Cart 249 
Camel lias 240 Machine for making Nets 240 
Castings 240 Mistake 2-1S 
Cattle, Exportation of Moles, How to Trap 273 
Shorthorn 249 Mules, at what Age should 
Celery 247| they Work 249 
Cherry, the Mabaleb 247 .Mustard in the Southern 
Chicken Cholera 249 States 249 
Chufas 24s,NoDoult about it 248 
Churning, toWarmCream Northern Taciile R.R 2 15 
for 240 1 Orchards, Protection to. .273 
Cistern-Water, to Keep Pastures, Fencing 219 
Pure 246 Peas and Oats 210 
Clark's Compost 2 10 .Personal 216 
Clover as a Fertilizer 249 |Pigs, Chester White 217 
Cook-Book 2 17 1 Pigs on Clover 013 
Corn, Hybrid 2 18 Plants Named 219 
Corn in the Crib, McasV.249 Plaster. Old 273 
Corn, Judson's Branchi'g |Please Observe 273 
and E^ptian 24* Plow, Double-furrow 215 
Corn, Measuring 21S,Plowing, Steam 2 19 
Corn, Sandford 2 10, Poke- Root 2 16 
Cows, Ayrshire 247 Pork, American 219 
Department of Agricult're248 Potato Queries 2-15 
Docks, How to Kill 273 Poudrette or Superphos- 
Drain Wanted 2491 phato? 217 
Fairs in August 245 Pump for Deep Well. . ..245 
Fair, Penn. State 219 Quince and Pear Trees. .247 
Farm, Buying a 273 Rape or Coleseed*. .247, 2,3 
Farms in Engl'd, Value. .273 Red Spiders 217 
Farming on the Eastern IRyeGrass ..213 
Shore, Md 273 Seeds of Forest-Trees ... 247 
FlaxFiber 249 Sheep, Cotswold .vs. 
Fruit-Preserving Powder, | South-Down 243 
American 246 Spavin 217 
Fruit-Trees, Sulphur in.. 273 Squash, Petrified 210 
Gates Those Patent. . . .217 Steam-Plowsand Tacklc.2,3 
Ginsen" 2 15 Stock-raising, Fancy 273 
Gopher? Defense of the.. 273 Sundry Humbugs 245 
Grain-Bags, Corner in. ...273 Tallow Scraps, How to 
Grapes in Indiana 247 Use 247 
Grapes, Mulching 273 The Doctor's Talk about 
Grass, Growing 247i thePrizes 247 
Grasses in Ark., Mixed.. 219 Thistles, Canada 248 
Green Manuring Crop... .2 IS Thousand-acre Farms in 
Grinding, Fine 249 N. Y 210 
Hair, Changing Color «f.2 10 Tree-Planting 273 
Harrow, Thomas's 2 17 1 Venus' s Flower-Basket.. 2 19 
Haw or Hooks 2 16 j Walnuts 216 
Hay Conveyer 216 We Give it up 2 15 
Hay-Tea 2 18 Well, The Drive 2-16 
Hedge for Texas 373'Wheat Market 273 
Calendar for July. 
' Boston. NEnq- 
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Washington, 
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Philadelphia, 
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PHASES OF THE 
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3d Quart 
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2 23 m. 
2 11 m. 
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AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW TORK, JULT, 1872. 
"We hope alt tbe readers of the American AgricuU 
turist are striving after improvement — aiming to be 
better this year than they were last, and to have 
their farms, their gardens, their houses, barns, 
fences, machines, implements, tools, and everything 
about them in better order and improved condition. 
We hope they are earnest men, active, industrious, 
energetic ; men who control circumstances and do 
not let circumstances control them. To such men 
the present season, though one of the most dis- 
couraging in some respects we have had for many 
years, will teach and enforce an important lesson, 
and one which we shall all do well to heed. Slip- 
shod, slovenly farming sometimes produces a pay- 
ing crop, and the fact is eagerly seized by those 
who are opposed to an improved system of farm- 
ing, and used as an argument against those of us 
who advocate more thorough cultivation, draining, 
and manuring. But this year poor farming cer- 
tainly will not pay. Wages are high, and the crops 
on thousands of carelessly-worked farms will not 
more than pay the expense of harvesting and 
thrashing. On many good farms the profits will he 
small, but at any rate those of us who are aiming 
to make our land clean and rich, and do not over- 
crop, have no reason to feel discouraged when we 
compare our crops with those of our neighbors 
who adopt a makeshift system of farming. The 
season is a bad one, and the crops light, hut poor 
as our prospects may be, they are far better than 
they would have been had we made no effort to im- 
prove our farms. The difference between good and 
poor farming the present year is most striking. 
Toil see a piece of wheat that will yield SO bushels 
per acre, and on the other side of the fence a field 
that will not pay for harvesting. On the neglected 
farm we have stunted meadows, poor clover, yellow 
oats, and sickly-looking wheat, and we 6ay it is 
"the drouth." Nothing flourishes but weeds. 
These pump np and evaporate nearly or quite as 
much water per acre as would make the difference 
between a wet season and a dry one. No wonder 
the crops suffer for want of rain. There is seldom 
a year, we repeat, when there is sucli a marked dif- 
ference between a weedy, neglected, run-down 
farm, and a clean, well-cultivated one. Let the good 
farmers take courage. Their labor is not in vain. 
•■ 4 
Bints about Work. 
The great aim of the farmer must be to make the 
labor he employs, as well as his own and that of his 
teams, more effective. To do this requires much 
study. A man may work hard and accomplish 
little. He does not plan well, or he lacks system 
and order. Another lays good plans, but lacks 
energy sufficient to carry them out in all their de- 
tails. It is a great thing to know when to work 
and when to let others work. In haying and har- 
vesting, a farmer who employs a good many men 
Bhould rarely undertake any steady work. He can 
accomplish far more by attending to the little de- 
tails than by using up all his strength in pitching 
or binding. He should always he present, ready at 
any moment to lend a hand where his work can be 
most effective. He should be able to see at a glanco 
that every important bolt in a machine is tight. 
He should know the weak 6pots in all his opera- 
tions, and be prepared for all emergencies. He 
should realize that the weakest link determines 
the strength of the whole chain. In the innumer- 
able details of farm work this weak link is some- 
times in one thing and sometimes in another, but 
it is always somewhere. In one field it may be in 
the reaper and in another the binders ; sometimes 
it is the pitcher, sometimes the unloader, or on the 
Btack or mow. It is always somewhere, and the. 
farmer should look out for it, and be prepared to 
strengthen that point. 
Bigger Crops per Acre.— But it is not merely in 
the details of farming operations that we should 
aim to render our labor more effective— we must 
more than ever strive to get larger crops per acre. 
High wages will compel us to raise larger crops or 
not to raise any. It eo6ts no more to plow and 
plant and cultivate an acre of potatoes that will 
yield 300 bushels than one that yields less than one 
hundred, and where thore are many weeds little if 
any more to dig them. It may cost twelve cents a 
bushel to dig potatoes in the one case, and only 
four cents in the other. A field of wheat yielding 
less than ten bushels per acre, aud so full of thistles 
that it is almost impossible to bind it, will cost 
more to harvest it than a clean crop yielding thirty- 
five bushels per acre. And the same principle 
holds good with all our crops. 
Weeds. — We have one of the best climates in the 
world for killing weeds. Our hot summers and 
dry winds will take the sap out of even a thistle or 
quack-root, or a plant of purslane, if we only use 
the means necessary to dissever its connection with 
the soil. The English farmer is obliged to spend 
in ordinary seasons far more labor to kill quack 
than is required here. We ought to have the cleanest 
farms in the world. And yet it is not too much to 
say that on thousands of farms in the United States 
tbe weeds run away with half the profits. Wo 
again and again urge the readers of the American 
Agriculturist to make an earnest effort to kill the 
weeds, and to make thorough work of it. 
Summer- Fallows on strong, clayey land are often 
the best and cheapest means of killing weeds and 
enriching the soil at the same time. A true sum- 
mer-fallow is preparing land for a crop, and then 
not sowing it until the next season. It cleans the 
l~nd and concentrates the plant-food, which is ren- 
de.jd available in two years into manure for one 
crop. Instead of raising two wheat crops of fifteen 
bushels each, it enables us to raise one crop of 
thirty bushels, and cleans the land at the same time. 
Fallows for Wheat. — A true summer-fallow is sel- 
dom seen. Our so-called summer-fallows for wheat 
are a modern invention, and often a very useful one. 
They are of two kinds. One is plowing under a 
clover sod in June or July, and then keeping the 
surface clean by the free use of the cultivator md 
harrow, and sowing the wheat without again plow- 
ing. The other is to plow in Jane, and cross-plow 
as soon as the sod is partial y rotted. Then harrow 
thoroughly, and cultivate until the sods are pulled 
to pieces and the weeds all killed. Then plow 
