THE FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERY. 
21 
broken portions removed. The ground must 
be well trodden round them, and the earth 
must be well shook among the fibres ; because 
when trodden, they ought not to touch each 
other ; on the contrary, they should have 
earth between them in sufficient quantity to 
let each leading portion of root be surrounded 
with soil. The standards must have stakes 
driven down, to which they must be firmly 
tied, to prevent the wind from disturbing 
them. With regard to the heads, they must 
be reduced as has already been directed, for 
standard Roses ; and the dwarf plants should 
have all the weak and useless shoots removed, 
and the others may be shortened a little. 
THE FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERY. 
Practical directions for the management of 
the flower, fruit, and kitchen garden have 
been so fully and so ably given in the Annals 
of Horticulture for 1845, that it would be 
difficult to improve, and unnecessary to repeat 
them ; our present Calendar, therefore, for 
those particular departments, will be as brief 
as it can be, to be perfect and comprehensive ; 
while the practical management of the Rose 
garden, the green-house, the stove, the orchi- 
dea house, the conservatory, and window 
gardening, will be detailed much more fully 
than has yet been attempted. 
In a climate changeable as that of England, 
all outdoor operations must necessarily be con- 
tingent ; and therefore periodical directions 
can only be given upon the presumption that 
the weather be favourable (or such as to 
require the precautions recommended,) but if 
otherwise, the operations must, as a matter of 
course, be deferred until the weather will 
admit of their being done with advantage. 
It may also be observed that difference of 
soil and situation will make an equal difference 
in the time of applying our instructions; and 
consequently, experience of the locality must 
determine the cultivator, whether to adopt the 
beginning, middle, or end of the month, for 
his operations. 
Alpine plants, particularly those on rock- 
work, should be carefully examined ; and 
wherever the soil has been displaced by wet 
or frost, so as to expose the roots, fresh 
mould must be added, or if necessary, they 
must be replanted. 
Anemones and Ranunculuses may be 
planted in beds or borders. The choice kinds 
planted in autumn, require protection from 
frost. 
Annuals. — Hardy kinds may be sown in 
borders for the chance of an early liloom ; 
they may be cut off by frost, but the chance is 
worth trying. 
Auriculas. — These, being in their winter 
habitations, must have all the air that can be 
given, and but little water. All dead leaves 
should be picked off and thrown out of [the 
frame or pit ; for nothing is more dangerous 
than damp, which arises from decaying 
leaves. 
Bulbous roots of all kinds should be in 
the ground or potted long before this ; but if 
any are left out of ground they must be planted 
directly, or they will perish, if not spoiled 
already. 
Carnations and Picotees are generally 
wintered in pots ; they are as impatient of 
wet and confinement as any hardy flower that 
blows ; they suffer mildew from that cause 
alone, and therefore cannot have too much air 
or too little wet. The glasses should be moved 
off every mild day, and be closed in frost and 
rain ; those in beds may take their chance, 
but the beds should be well drained and pro- 
tected from frost. 
Clematis, and all deciduous climbers, may 
be pruned and trained. Many of them will 
bear cutting down close to the ground, in 
which case, a little loose manure may be laid 
over the roots. 
Dahlias. — Examine to see if any are 
shrivelling or rotting ; pot any that are in 
danger ; they will often start a shoot or two 
before they rot altogether, and if they are 
drying too fast, they may be saved by setting 
to work ; all that are very choice should also 
be potted and set to work early. 
Edgings to flower borders may be 
planted. Box, Thrift, Gentianella, &c, are 
recommended, but we have seen nothing yet 
equal to Box, as, when properly managed, it 
looks well at all seasons. 
Feathered Hyacinths, if not already done, 
may be planted in borders. These beauti- 
ful hardy bulbs deserve more general culti- 
vation. 
Flowering trees and shrubs may be 
planted every month from September to 
March, but the earlier the better ; neverthe- 
less there is no real disadvantage in planting 
this month, except for those which bloom 
remarkably early. 
Hyacinths in beds or borders should be 
covered with hoops and mats, or with litter ; or, 
if they are in small patches, by an inverted 
pot placed over each patch. 
Kalmias. — These require some protection 
from wind, as, although hardy, they suffer 
much from cutting winds, and if not planted 
in a sheltered spot, should have some artificial 
shelter. 
Manure may be laid on the ground where 
it is to be used, and maybe dug or trenched 
in wherever the soil is in working con- 
dition. 
Michaelmas Daisies, and other herba- 
ceous plants and dry roots of hardy border 
