THE LEDUM. 
189 
rous minute excrescences, which give rise to 
the specific name. The flowers are solitary, 
white, produced in July and August, and suc- 
ceeded by dark-coloured berries. It grows in 
woods and on the banks of rivers in Georgia. 
JPrinos coriaceus, (the coriaceous or 
leathery-leaved Winter Berry.) — This is atall 
evergreen shrub, very nearly allied to thelast,but 
with entire leaves, and more numerous flowered 
corymbs. It is found in sandy woods, near 
the margins of rivers, in Georgia. The flowers 
are white. 
Prinos deciduus, (the deciduous Winter 
Berry.) — This is a deciduous shrub, smaller 
than any of the preceding, seldom exceeding 
lour feet in height. It is a native of rocky, 
shady places on the banks of rivers in Vir- 
ginia, and thence to Georgia. The leaves are 
elliptic-lanceolate, tapered to the petiole, 
slightly saw-edged, and with the midrib 
downy beneath. The flowers are small, white, 
produced in June and July, and succeeded by 
large crimson berries. It is also called P. 
prinoides. 
Prinos dioieus, a native of the island of 
Montserrat, is supposed to be nearly or quite 
hardy, but is not yet introduced. 
Prinos dubius, (the doubtful Winter 
Berry.) — This is the P. ambiguus of some 
authors ; it is a deciduous shrub, in the way of 
and allied to P. verticillata, but with larger red 
berries, and leaves acuminated at both extre- 
mities. It is a low tree, from sandy woods 
and the borders of swamps in different parts 
of North America, growing to the height of 
twelve feet, and flowering in July and August. 
Prinos glaber, (the glabrous Winter 
Berry.) — This is a handsome small evergreen 
shrub. It grows four or five feet high, 
occurring in the sandy, shady woods of North 
America, from Canada to Florida. The leaves 
are lanceolate and leathery, quite glossy. The 
Bowers are produced mostlyin bunches of three 
together ; they are small, white, and open in 
July and August, and are succeeded by black 
berries, which in Jersey are called Ink-berries. 
The bush generally assumes an even ovate 
figure, densely clothed with leaves. 
Prinos lanceohitus, (the lance - leaved 
Winter Berry.) — This is a deciduous shrub, a 
native of the lower districts of Carolina and 
Georgia. It attains about the same size as the 
preceding one. The leaves are lanceolate, 
very remotely serrated, and smooth. The 
flowers are white, and the berries scarlet, and 
small in size. 
Prinos Icemgatus, (the smooth - leaved 
Winter Berry.) — A deciduous North Ame- 
rican .sliruli. growing about eight feet high, 
and found on the Alleghany mountains. The 
leaves are lanceolate-acuminate, saw-edged and 
glabrous, (or smooth) ; the flowers small. 
white, axillary, and solitary ; the berries are 
large, and of a dark-red colour. 
Prinos lucidus, (the shining Winter 
Berry.) — This is an ornamental deciduous 
shrub, with ovate quite entire leaves, and 
small white flowers, which are produced in 
June, and are succeeded by handsome crimson 
berries, which have a very ornamental appear- 
ance. It is a native of North America, and 
is known, also, under the name of Ilex cana- 
densis, and Nemopanthes Canadensis. 
Prinos verticillatns, (the whorled Winter 
Berry.) — A. deciduous shrub, growing about 
eight feet in height, and furnished with oval- 
acuminate, saw-edged leaves, downy beneath, 
and fascicles of small white flowers from the 
axils of the leaves ; produced from June to 
August, and succeeded by reddish purple 
berries. It is a native of various parts of 
North America, but always in damp places, 
as the margins of ditches, wet woods, &c. It is 
also known as P. prunifolius and P.padifolius. 
The different species of Prinos grow freely 
in any tolerably good free garden soil, such as 
is prepared in most places for the growth of 
ornamental shrubs. A sandy loam is, how- 
ever, most congenial to them ; and there can 
be no doubt but that a situation which pos- 
sesses the natural advantages of being damp 
(not for want of drainage) and cool, would be 
found to be most in accordance with their 
requirements. They may be propagated by 
seeds, by cuttings, or by layers, in the same 
way as the allied plants, but, like many other 
families of ornamental shrubs, they are not 
sufficiently called for, to become propagated to 
any great extent, a plant being now and 
then only asked for in the nurseries. The 
young plants would be best raised in seed- 
pans, so as to be the more readily protected to 
a slight extent in the winter, when in their 
infant stages, but they should be planted out 
after they are twelvemonths old. Such plants 
as these, which scarcely endure our most 
rigorous winters, are much assisted by cover- 
ing the soil about them with a few inches in 
thickness of half-decayed leaves, or some 
littery material. Being of limited growth, 
they seldom require to be pruned in any way. 
THE LliDUM. 
The Ledum is a genus or family of small 
shrubs, belonging to the natural order Eriac- 
eeB, and ranking among those known by the 
title of American shrubs. The name Ledum 
is derived from ledon, the name applied by the 
ancients to a plant which yielded the substance 
called ladanum, and which is now called Cistus 
Ledum ; the modern Ledum is so named from 
i In- resemblance, though distant, beween these 
plants and that of the ancients. 
