GLASS AND GLASSES. 
210 
shoots should be removed ; and where short 
shoots are wanted, give the point of the shoot 
a squeeze, which is better than cutting it. 
Filberts. — Remove all suckers, and keep the 
centre of the tree open. 
Gooseberries. — Keep a sharp look out for 
caterpillars ; a dusting of soot, wood-ashes, 
and lime is allowed to be good. Thin out the 
finer sorts, both in wood and fruit. 
Grafts should be carefully protected against 
wind, by being tied to, and supported by good 
strong stakes. 
Nectarines. — As soon as green fly appears, 
fumigate the trees ; if red spider is seen, keep 
the atmosphere damp and wash parts of the 
Wail with sulphur and soft soap ; disbud and 
thin, as with the Peach. 
Pears. — Stop and thin out the breast-wood, 
with the bad-shaped and thickly set fruit ; 
by stopping the shoot when a few inches long, 
the danger of the lower buds starting is 
avoided ; keep the young wood of the leaders 
from being injured by having it properly 
nailed. 
Peaches. — Keep thinning regularly, and 
not much at a time ; the fruit should be about 
a foot from eacli other, at the final thinning ; 
but this depends much upon the state of the 
tree ; if too luxuriant it might be checked 
beneficially by a heavy crop, and if unhealth- 
ful, the reverse. Where young wood is wanted, 
top the nearest shoot, which will induce it to 
shoot out ; nail in the wood of young trees at 
full length, and when the shoots are not grow- 
ing equally, depress the strong and raise the 
weaker ones to a more erect position ; this will 
equalize their growth. 
Plums. — Treat similarly to Peaches. 
Raspberries. — Divest of all the wood, not 
likehy to be required for bearing next season. 
Strawberries. — Strew short grass between 
the rows, and give thorough waterings ; tie up 
the flower stalks to neat stakes, which assists 
their colouring and flavour, and helps to keep 
the fruit clean. 
GLASS AND GLASSES FOR HORTICUL- 
TURAL IT/RPOSES. 
Samples of Glass supplied by Edwards 
and Pell, of Southampton Street, give us a 
very good notion of what we may expect in 
the way of " a cheap and good article from 
abroad." Plates pretty nearly a yard square 
may now be had at sixpenee-hall'-penny per 
foot, and of such thickness as would stand a 
good blow, and thicker still at eightpence ; so 
thick indeed, that it is more like plate than 
blown glass, and clear enough to do for the 
glazing of picture frames. In conservatories. 
this glass is much better adapted than any- 
thing we have seen at the same price, for after 
all, the cheap glass that is cast in plates is not 
clear, and does not do justice to a neat building. 
In addition to this article, we have seen from 
the same establishment, strong bell glasses for 
propagating, and taller ones for shades, equally 
cheap in proportion, and not likely to be half 
such a tax in the breakage. Indeed, it is the 
glazing with thin glass, and the using of thin 
propagating glasses, that cause so much de- 
struction. They hardly bear the ordinary use 
without breaking, the slightest violence de- 
stroys them, and careful or careless, the 
breaking of a good many is inevitable. On 
this account we recommend the thickest for 
large conservatory or dwelling-house windows, 
and the strongest of the bell-glasses for propa- 
gating. The shapes are various, but they are 
the best which do not exceed their diameter 
in height. It would be well to get some done 
which do not exceed half their diameter, be- 
cause it is desirable that too much air should 
not be contained in the glass ; they are prin- 
cipally required to stick cuttings under, and 
the object is to prevent evaporation going on 
too rapidly ; on this account they ought not 
to be deeper than is likely to be required for 
the cuttings at their full growth; all above this 
is unnecessary', and much more than this is 
mischievous, besides which tall glasses would 
often be in the way in frames. However, 
there must be some of all sizes. There are 
other houses now supplying excellent articles, 
in the way of glass for windows and horticul- 
tural purposes, each in their way meeting the 
i builder upon liberal terms, and exemplifying 
the advantages of the tariff, in the greatly re- 
duced prices, and we might say, perhaps, a 
greatly superior article to any thing that was 
made during the period in which the heavy 
duty existed, and which being levied by 
weight, occasioned glass to be manufactured 
lighter and thinner than was at all compatible 
with real usefulness. It is true, that at that 
time pieces below a certain measure might be 
had cheap, but cheap as it was, the breakage 
occasioned by its extreme weakness made even 
them come dear. The frost of the winter 
usually cracked a great number of squares, 
for the lodgment of a drop of water between 
the squares where they lapped over would, 
alter freezing, snap the fragile Stuff, and hun- 
dreds of Squares every season were thus cracked 
and broken. The great advantage then of 
the repeal of the duty is, in our being enabled 
to get much more valuable glass for the same 
money, not in getting the rubbish of glass 
cheaper, fur the thin window glass can scarcely 
be worth making now. In fact, the motive for 
using small panes of glass no longer exists, as 
large squares, — or in houses with narrow sash- 
bars, long squares, — are to be had as cheap as 
