FOR COLONISTS AND EMIGRANTS. 
137 
with an earthing plough ; we are, however, 
now rather describing crops, than giving 
directions for their culture. 
Of the green crops, the most useful are 
cabbages, carrots, parsnips, beetroot, mangold 
wurtzel, turnips, and onions. All of these are 
excellent for home feeding stock of various 
kinds, and they will keep some time with 
care. The most temporary is the cabbage, 
but while good this will do for use as a vege- 
table, and the waste will come in for the pigs 
in the dung yard ; all the others are more 
easily preserved. But though mentioned last, 
we must not underrate the value of potatoes, 
one of the most useful and nutritious of green 
vegetables : the quantity of these can hardly 
be wrong, for every kind of animal likes them; 
poultry of all sorts will eat them when boiled; 
cattle of all kinds thrive upon them, as a por- 
tion of their victuals, and we can find no sub- 
stitute for it as human food, when we calculate 
its value, by the produce of an acre by the 
side of an acre of any other crop. But it must 
always be borne in mind that none of these 
so-called green crops will either keep at home, 
or travel so well as hard seeds ; and therefore 
no more should be grown than will secure you 
with all the quantity you can possibly want, and 
what, from particular circumstances, you think 
you can sell at tolerably near markets. Of 
the particular sorts to take out we shall have 
something to say in another place, for it 
may be calculated upon, that a little more cost 
for the best adapted varieties will be well and 
wisely incurred. 
CROPS : WITH DIRECTIONS FOR CULTURE. 
The best way to provide yourself with 
proper and profitable crops, is to take out 
seeds, and not attempt to carry plants of any 
kind. There is scarcely a plant or vegetable 
worth growing of which you may not obtain 
the seeds ; and perhaps the best information 
we can give will be a summary of the kinds 
of seeds that should be selected, their prices, 
and the treatment they should receive. 
Garden Crops. 
Pea. — The pea is perhaps the most valuable 
of all the vegetable seeds. Gathered green 
they are a luxury of the highest class, and 
dried they make the finest of all vegetable 
soups. As to the sorts, the Prince Albert, 
Is. 6d. per quart, and Hotspur and Charlton, 
at Qd. per quart, are excellent early kinds ; 
and Knight's Dwarf Marrow, Groom's Superb, 
and British Queen, at Is. per quart, are capital 
later ones. These should be sown in drills, 
not near to one another, but one row in a place, 
at different parts of the garden. Peas grown 
away from each other, with plenty of room, 
bear twice or three times as much as (and a 
good deal finer than) peas in rows near one 
another. But if it be determined to grow a 
quarter of the garden or field all peas, the 
rows ought to be from three to six feet apart, 
according to the height they grow. When the 
•peas are up, earth should be drawn to their 
stems ; and as they grow taller, sticks should 
be placed for their support. If you find after 
sticking peas that they outgrow the height 
you expected, get taller sticks to put to them, 
but attempt not to take the first ones away, 
because the tendrils of the peas have hold of 
the twigs, and it would break and damage the 
plants to remove the sticks. When the plants 
have grown to the height of the sticks, pinch 
off the tops. When the crop is fit to gather 
to shell and eat green, you may indulge ; but 
if you have any other vegetable, be sparing of 
the peas, because if you saved a barnful they 
are like so much money ; they afford the most 
nutritious food when split and boiled in soup ; 
they keep good for many years ; they are 
easily exported in bulk, and. always find a 
market at the nearest town. 
Bean, French. — This is a valuable crop, 
and the only ones you need take out are the 
white haricot or kidney ; they are fine to eat 
green, and the best of all for flavour, when 
the seeds are ripe. Sow them in drills six 
inches apart in the drill, and the drills eighteen 
inches from each other. When up three inches 
high, draw the earth to their stems. They 
require no more care, but may be gathered 
green in a young state to eat as a vegetable, 
or allowed to ripen to preserve as long as you 
please. They bear exporting, are in the seed 
state acknowledged as an important article of 
human food, and converted by a peculiar sort 
of cookery into a luxury by the French. Let 
them be well ripened before they are harvested. 
They are Is. per quart. 
Bean, French, Scarlet Runners. — This 
is the well-known large fleshy bean that in 
England is only eaten green, and before the pod 
gets too large, with the seed. It may be well 
to take a few, but the ripe seed has by no 
means a good flavour, so that except as a 
green crop, or to furnish seed to export for 
planting, it is not worth while to take much or 
to grow much. They are 1 s. per quart. 
Bean, Broad. — Early Magazan, early Long- 
pod, early Windsor, 6d. to 8d. per quart ; 
sow these in drills nine inches from seed to 
seed, and the rows two feet apart ; when they 
are up, draw earth to their stems, and when in 
bloom, pinch off the tops ; these may be eaten 
green or saved dry for seed. 
Carrot. — Early Horn, Long Surrey, and 
Altringham, 3d. per ounce. Let the ground 
be dug eighteen inches deep, and well broken ; 
sow very thinly and regularly all over the 
ground, and rake in well ; when well up, hoe 
