188 
GRAFTING AND INARCHING. 
perfect in their way, we give them with their 
illustrations. The hitter are far more re- 
markable for their usefulness than for their 
high finish. Perhaps there has not appeared 
a more brief and plain matter-of-fact series of 
instructions on the subject than the papers we 
allude to contain ; but with the permission of 
the proprietors, we have copied the illustra- 
tions as well as the article, and they must 
speak for themselves. 
GRAFTING. 
There are certain trees, belonging to cer- 
tain families, that grow much stronger than 
any of the finer sorts. The crab apple, for 
instance, is more vigorous than the golden 
pippin ; the almond is more robust than the 
peach ; the wild plum is stronger than the 
green gage ; and the same may be observed 
through all classes of trees. The wild kinds 
form capital stocks whereon to graft the more 
delicate. The whole art of grafting consists 
in making a twig or scion cut off from one 
tree to fit the wood of another, and that other 
is always called the stock. If it be very much 
larger than the scion, there are several ways 
of grafting ; one is by cutting a flat sloping 
place in the stock, and a flat place on the 
scion, and fastening the scion to one side of 
the slope, so that the barks meet, (No. 1,) and 
the union will take place. Another is, to cut 
the scion to an angle, like two sides of a tri- 
angle, and leave the bark on the third side ; 
then, with a sharp knife, cut an angle in the 
stock to receive it, (No. 2.) This makes a 
very complete graft. Instead of sloping, the 
stock may be cut down straight and a shoulder 
be left at the bottom, so that the scion may 
have a resting place, (No. 3.) If the scion 
and stock are near of a size, one may be cut 
wedge fashion and the other notched out to 
receive it, (No. 4,) or the scion may be split 
and the inside cut sloping both ways, then the 
stock cut wedge fashion for it to go over, 
(No. 5.) In short, it matters not how a fit is 
made, so that it be a good fit. The season for 
grafting is spring, before the buds start for 
growth. When the graft is fitted, it should 
be tied firmly, and then be covered with 
grafting wax or clay. A bunch of wet moss, 
loosely tied over the clay, keeps it from drying 
suddenly and cracking off. Grafting is of 
great importance in orchards where there are 
common and worthless sorts of fruit, for by 
this means we can change them to the best of 
their kinds ; we have only to cut back the 
trees to short stumps, and graft each stump 
either with a different kind, or all of them 
with one sort. The clay for grafting should 
be mixed with half its quantity of new cow- 
dung, and be kneaded together until tho- 
roughly mixed. The tying of grafts should 
be performed with bass matting soaked in 
water to make it tough ; after grafting, the 
work should be examined occasionally to see 
that the clay is perfect, and when they grow, 
to prevent any shoots from growing on the 
stock. Root grafting is performed chiefly 
with roses ; the suckers that come up from 
roots are removed in the spring by digging 
up a portion of root to support them ; cut 
them down pretty close, make the scion fit the 
lowest part of the stem next the root, bind 
them well together, clay them at the join, and 
plant them out again at proper distances, the 
graft below the surface of the ground. The 
lower down towards the root the graft can be 
put on, the better it will be. The advantage 
of this sort of grafting is that it can be done 
at the time you dig between the shrubs ; and 
therefore take up the suckers, and when you 
prune the roses, so that you may take a basket 
of roots and a handful of cuttings, go to 
work under cover, planting out before they 
can get dry, and watering them to settle the 
earth close to their stems. 
INARCHING. 
This is grafting without detaching the scion 
from its tree until it is united to the stock. 
The two plants are brought close to each 
other ; the sides of the parts intended to be 
united are cut square, the branch is cut quite 
half way, the stock also if the same size ; if 
larger, it need only be cut enough to receive 
all the flat part of the branch ; these are neatly 
fitted so that the barks meet on one side at 
