434 
THE MAGNOLIA, ITS VARIETIES AND CULTIVATION. 
produced as early as May, and continuing 
during summer ; this is considered the best 
variety for planting against a wall. 
In the southern counties of England, this 
species may be grown as a tree or bush, 
distant from a wall or building, but in this 
case, it is best placed rather prominently on 
the sheltered side of a shrubbery. As a 
permanent evergreen covering for an orna- 
mental wall, there is no plant so noble as the 
forms of this Magnolia ; and this protection 
is required in the colder parts of the king- 
dom, together with, in some situations, a thick 
mulching over the roots. 
HARDY DECIDUOUS MAGNOLIAS. 
Magnolia glauca, Linnaeus (glaucous-leaved 
Magnolia). — A small tree, growing twenty feet 
high, of sub-evergreen habit ; the leaves 
elliptic obtuse, glaucous on the under side ; 
the flowers two or three inches broad, white, 
very fragrant, of from nine to twelve ovate- 
concave petals. Flowers from June to Septem- 
ber. Native of North America, in low swampy 
situations. In autumn, the tint of the leaves 
is yellow, brown, or black. Introduced about 
1688. There are two distinct varieties : — 
31. g. Thompsoniana, a form enlarged in all 
its parts. 
M. g. longifolia, a handsome tree, with 
longer leaves, and smaller- flowers. 
Magnolia tripetala, Linnaeus (fhree-petalled 
Magnolia, or umbrella-tree). — A deciduous 
tree, growing thirty feet high, with thin oval- 
lanceolate leaves, and terminal flowers from 
seven to eight inches in diameter, consisting 
of from nine to twelve petals, of a white 
colour, and having an unpleasant odour. 
Flowers from May to July. Native of North 
America, in shady situations. Introduced 
about 1752. The autumnal hue of the leaves 
is a dai'k brown or black. This is a very 
hardy species. 
Magnolia macrophylla, Michaux (large- 
leaved Magnolia). — A deciduous tree, growing 
thirty feet and upwards in height, with very 
large oblong-obovate leaves, cordate at the base, 
and having terminal blossoms of from eight to 
nine inches in diameter, six to nine petalled, 
white, with a purple spot at the base of each 
petal, and agreeably fragrant. Flowers in June 
and July. Native of North America, in cool 
sheltered situations. Introduced in 1800. 
In this species, the fading leaves in autumn 
turn yellow, brown, or black. 
Magnolia acuminata, Linnaeus (pointed- 
leaved Magnolia). — A deciduous tree, growing 
from thirty to fifty feet high, with oval- 
acuminate leaves, pubescent beneath, and 
terminal blossoms slightly fragrant, yellowish 
within and glaucous on the outside. Flowers 
from May to July. Native of North America. 
Introduced in 1736. The leaves turn dark 
brown or black in autumn. A very hardy 
species, of which there are some varieties 
cultivated ; the most distinct is — 
M. a. maxima, which has considerably 
larger foliage. 
Magnolia cordata, Michaux (heart-leaved 
Magnolia). — A deciduous tree, growing from 
twenty to thirty feet high, with broadly-ovate 
sub-cordate leaves, tomentose on [the under 
surface ; the flowers, of six to nine oblong 
petals, yellow, slightly streaked with red, 
seldom expanding fully, and having a dis- 
agreeable odour. Flowers in June and July. 
Native of North America, in mountainous 
situations. Introduced in 1800. The leaves 
become a dark brown or black in autumn. 
Magnolia auriculata, Lamarck (auricled- 
leaved Magnolia). — A deciduous tree of from 
twenty to thirty feet in height, with large 
smooth spathulately-obovate leaves, cordate 
at the base, with blunt auricles ; the flowers 
are three or four inches in diameter, of nine 
oblong petals, milky white, and having an 
agreeable odour. Flowers in April and May. 
Native of North America, on moist mountain 
steeps. Introduced in 1786. In the autumn, 
the leaves turn a rich yellowish brown. 
Magnolia pyramidata, Bartram (pyra- 
midal-headed Magnolia). — A low deciduous 
tree, with smooth spathulate-obovate leaves, 
cordate and auriculate at the base ; the flowers 
white, of nine lanceolate petals, smaller than 
in auriculata, of which this appears to be 
scarcely more than a variety. Flowers in 
May and June. Native of mountainous 
places in North America. Introduced in 181 1. 
Magnolia conspicua, Salisbury (conspi- 
cuous-flowered Magnolia, or Yulan). — A 
deciduous tree of fasti giate habit, growing 
from twenty to thirty feet high, with obovate 
leaves, abruptly acuminate ; the leaves are 
produced somewhat later than the blossoms, 
and when young are pubescent ; the flowers 
are large, erect, consisting of from six to nine 
petals, white, and fragrant. Flowers from 
February till April. Native of China. In- 
troduced in 1789. The leaves turn dark 
brown or black as they decay in autumn. This 
is one of the handsomest and most desirable 
of the deciduous Magnolias, owing to the 
period at which its blossoms are produced. 
In the climate of London, it is found suffi- 
ciently hardy to bear exposure on the sheltered 
side of plantations of shrubs, provided the 
summers and the texture of the soil are jointly 
favourable to the annual ripening of the wood. 
Planted here and there along a bank of dark- 
foliaged rhododendrons, the large white flowers 
of this plant are very conspicuous. The 
situation should be sheltered for this plant 
when grown as a standard, but should not be 
