338 
THE CYCLAMEN. 
Cyclamen, Linnwus. — Calyx bell-shaped, 
divided lialf-way into five permanent ovate 
segments. Corolla wheel-shaped ; the tube 
nearly globular, deflexed, twice as long as the 
calyx ; the limb, of five oblique segments, 
reflexed upwards, many times longer than the 
tube ; the mouth open, naked, and prominent 
at the circumference. Filaments short, in- 
serted in the base of the tube ; anthers straight, 
sessile. Style cylindrical, straight ; stigma 
simple. Capsule one-celled, globose, opening 
at top, with five parallel teeth,, rather fleshy ; 
seeds numerous. 
Cyclamen tsstiviim, E-eichenbach (summer- 
flowering Sow-bread). — A small hardy peren- 
nial species, with roundish heart-shaped leaves, 
the lobes at the base of which are quite dis- 
tinct, and not overlapping, and the margins 
entire, or slightly and remotely toothed. The 
flowers are small, rosy purple. Native of 
Italy. Flowers through the summer months. 
Introduced in 1596? This is the C. Cludi, 
and is perhaps not distinct from C. europceiim, 
although some botanists separate them. 
Cyclame?i couni, Miller (round-leaved spring 
Sow-bread). — A small hardy perennial species, 
with flat round leaves, heart-shaped at the 
base, quite entire, dark green above, and 
reddish purple beneath, and having small 
flattish tubers. The flowers are reddish 
purple, scentless, small, the segments being 
oblong-obtuse. Native of the south of Europe. 
Flowers from January to March. Introduced 
in 1596. This species, according to Mr. 
Gordon,* is, in some collections, called C 
Qroiculare, a name which seems to be the 
same with Miller's C, orhiculatum. This 
latter plant is probably to be regarded as a 
variety, for Miller states that the flowers 
appear in spring, and are flesh-coloured, with 
purple at the base. 
Cyclamen eurojyceum, Linngeus (European 
Sow-bread). — A small hardy perennial species, 
having small tubers, and leaves which are 
small, roundly heart-shaped, slightly toothed, 
and strongly marked on the upper surface 
with an irregular pale or nearly white band ; 
the basal lobes are overlapping. The flowers 
are small, sweet-scented, bright reddish purple, 
the segments oval-lanceolate, and acute. Native 
of the south of Europe. Flowers from July 
to September. Introduced in 1596. This 
sort is called in some collections by the fol- 
lowing names : — C. officinale, C. relroflexum, 
and C. ]Lungaricu7n. Miller's C purpurascens, 
retained as a species by some, is probably a 
variety of this species. This Miller describes 
as having large orbicular leaves, purple be- 
neath, and purplish flowers, deep red at the 
base ; produced in autumn. 
Cyclamen Jicariifoliuin, Reiclienbach (pile- 
wort-leaved spring Sow-bread). — A hardy 
perennial species, closely related to the fol- 
lowing, with which some botanists unite it. 
The tubei's are globular, of moderate size. 
The leaves are deeply cordate, with an ovate 
outline, the margin cut into five angles, crenu- 
late, acuminate. The flowers are large, white, 
or flesh-coloured, purplish about the mouth ; 
the segments are narrow, lanceolate, and 
twisted. Native of Europe, and found in 
some parts of England. Flowers from March 
to May. According to Dietrich, this species 
is the English plant. Under the more com- 
mon names of C. hederifolium and C. euro- 
pcBum it is employed medicinally. It is a 
very acrid plant, especially the root, the acri- 
mony of which, according to Sir J. E. Smith, 
is not much perceived at first tasting, but 
soon becomes intolerable. Its medicinal action 
is that of a drastic purgative ; formerly it was 
much esteemed as an emmenagogue. 
Cyclamen hederifolimn, Willdenow (ivy- 
leaved spring flowering Sow-bread. — A peren- 
nial species, scarcely hardy, and rather larger 
than the preceding. The roots are of moderate 
size; the leaves broad, seven or nine-angled, 
denticulate, beautifully variegated or marbled 
with dark green and white on the upper 
surface, and purple beneath. The flowers 
are large, white, changing to deep flesh colour, 
purplish about the mouth, the segments broadly 
ovate, acute ; they are very sweet-scented. 
Native of the south of Europe. Flowers from 
March to May. Sometimes called C. lati- 
folinm and C.fi'agrans. 
Cyclamen ibericimi, Goldie (Iberian Sow- 
bread.) — A small hardy perennial species, with 
small tubers. The leaves are roundish-cordate, 
blotched or marbled on the upper sm'face with 
white. The flowers are small, rosy or reddish 
purple, resembling those of C. coum. Native 
of Iberia. Flowers in Februaiy and March. 
Introduced in 1831. 
Cyclamen linearifoliam, De Candolle (linear- 
leaved Sow-bread). — A hardy perennial species, 
with linear obtuse entire leaves, and purple 
coloured flowers, the segments lanceolate. Ac- 
cording to Mr. Strangways, C. lineare is 
" now considered fabulous." Native of south 
of Europe. Flowers in April. Introduced in 
1824. 
Cyclamen littorale, Lindleyj (shore Sow- 
bread). — A small hardy perennial species of 
the Europasum group. The tubers are small 
and spherical. The leaves roundish cordate, 
somewhat acute, entire, and blotched or 
marbled with white above, entirely purple 
beneath. The flowers ai'e small, rose coloured, 
sweet-scented, the segments oblong. Native of 
the northern parts of Italy. Introduced in 
1843. Flowei's in the summer months ? 
* Gardener's Chronicle, 1843, p. 660. 
\ C. littorale, Sadler? — Lindley. 
