1861] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
71 
VI hat will Cure Gapes?- Fluent 
Inquiries on this subject have been answered In the Amer- 
ictui Agriculturist, by Uiom' who say they have success- 
fully treated this disease In chickens, but occasionally 
n subscriber reports having Iliad turpentine, pepper, 
removing the worms with a horso hair, etc., without 
effect. Can any one give ■ positive unfailing remedy J 
Prevention, we believe, may lit- found In clean dry quar- 
ters foi the fowls an 1 reeding with cracked corn and sour 
milk, with an occasional slight mixture of sulphur, 
Another i»irhic Cor BeeC— A.J. Boydi 
Lucas ''<>.. 0., writes lo the American Agriculturist that 
there la more danger "f over-sailing beef, than of not 
using eooujjbi Me directs lo wash bloody pieces©/ ilia 
meat In cold water, let it drain, and then for every loo 
lbs. make- a brine of 3 gals, water, 6 lbs. salt, 1 lb. loaf 
sugar, and 8 os. saltpeter, Heat slowly until the salt is 
dissolved, skim it, and pour it over the packed beef, either 
hot or cold. He thinks that lo repack the beef in fresh 
brine, as advised by some, Injured the flavor of the meat. 
Vitality of Seed*.— C. B. Rogers, Genesee 
Cow, Mich. Seeds of melons and cucumbers are prefer- 
red by many gardeners after having been kept two or 
three years; they will germinate when ten or more 
old. Onion ami carrot seeds are not to be depended 
on when more than one year old. Beet seed will answer 
to use the second year after raising. 
Umiiig old Gardens.— A "Subscriber" 
Inquires, "At what season of the year may lime be best 
applied lo old gardens that have been dressed year after 
year with Stable manure? and how many bushels per 
acre? Also, is it essential to turn it under immediately ?" 
Lime is seldom applied to gardens in a smaller quantity 
than .'- peck to the square rod. One peck to the rod Is 
not too heavy a dressing. It is best applied in the autumn 
when the soil is thrown Into ridges to be the more subject 
to the influences of the frost ; but may be put on in spring 
with good effect, and should not lie long before being 
thoroughly incorporated with the soil. 
Itlore Fruit wanted. — George D. Wint- 
ner, Rockland Co., X. V. There is little fear that this 
market will be overstocked with good fruit, for many 
> ears to come. If this idea be the only hindrance to going 
Into fruit cultivation, dismiss it and get to work. Two- 
thirds of the people do not yet know how first-rate pears, 
grapes, blackberries, etc., taste. The supply is too limit- 
ed to allow those who have not first-rate purses, to in- 
dulge. The methods adopted for preserving fruit will 
provide for any temporary surplus that an unusually 
favorable season may occasionally furnish. 
Trait >otcs from Iowa.-E. E. Brown, 
of Jones Co. Iowa, gives the following list of apples as 
suited to his locality, and which would probably answer 
for the neighboring portions of Illinois and Wisconsin : 
" Red June, Sweet June, Early Harvest, Benoni, Fall 
Wine, Jersey Sweet, Maiden's Blush, Snow or Fameuse, 
White Winter Pearmain, Wlnesap, Jonathan, Raule's 
Janet, Westfield Seek-no-further, Talman's Sweet, Wil- 
low Twig, and Romanile or Carthouse. In some soils 
the Bellflowcr is one of the best, but in the prairie soils it 
is rather a shy bearer. The Rhode Island Greening does 
well lop-grafted, but when root-grafted, the bark is apt to 
burst. The Northern Spy is a poor bearer, and with me 
trees are troubled with dead spots coming in the forks, 
i extend down to the ground and spoil the tree. The 
Bsopus Spitzenberg, Roxbnry Russet, Sweet Bough, 
Ladies' Sweeting, and Rambo. are entirely too tender for 
this climate. The Flemish Beauty and Bartlett are the 
best two standard pears, though the latter is a little ten- 
der, and the Louise Bonne de Jersey is the best dwarf." 
"Wliat Apples to plant. — '-Inquirer", 
Columbia Co., N. Y. For your locality the following 
varieties may be recommended. Summer; Early Har- 
vest, Red Astrachan, and American Summer Pearmain ; 
sweet : Sweet Bough. Autumn: Fall Pippin, Porter, 
and Gravenstein: street: Jersey Sweeting, Autumn Bough. 
Winter: Baldwin, R. I. Greening, Esopus Spitzenberg, 
Seek-no-fiirther, and Swaar; sweet: Talman Svreetins, 
and Ladles' Sweeting. These sorts will furnish a suffi- 
cient selection for family use or for marketing. Better 
have a few varieties which succeed well, than to aim at 
a large number with doubtful prospect of profit. 
Pears for Bees.— T. J. Brattam, Eugene 
City, Oregon, writes to the American Agriculturist, that 
last autumn, having prepared a quantity of Bartlett pears 
for drying, a large portion were eaten by bees, which 
seemed to greatly relish the fruit. He Inquires whether 
ripe pears would not be profitable honey-making material. 
We judge not, while good pears command the prices 
usually realized |n th|» market ; U>ey may do elsewhere, 
Pears for Family l"sc.— The Fruit Grow- 
ers' Society for Western New York, at their late meet- 
ing, recommended tho following ns the best 14 varieties 
of pears for family use: Bartlett, Duchess, Louise 
Bonne, Sheldon, Lawrence, Doyenne d'Eto, Seckel, 
Belle Lucrative. Ucurre Glffard, Beurred'Anjou, Rostie- 
7<t, Flemish Beauty, Winter Nells, and Bciirro Hose 
Thfs applies to the section represented by the Society. 
What Crop to put on an Orchard.— 
"L. C. W.", Brooklyn. — Such a working of the soil as a 
crop of beans, carrots or potatoes requires, benefits the 
trees, and the crop will more than pay for the labor* 
Barn yard manure may be used with carrots or beets, but 
with potatoes It is best lo apply lime, leached or unlcach- 
ed ashes, or a castor-pomace compost. 
Jnpun I^Uies.— M. E. Forest, Cayuga Co., 
N. Y. These beautiful flowers are worth a little extra 
painstaking. They flourish best In a mixture of sand, 
leaf mould, and common soil. It (s well lo remove them 
to a new border at least once in three or four years. 
Materials for Filters.— "Subscriber", 
Decorah, Iowa. Layers of gravel, sand, and charcoal 
broken fine, the different substances separated by pieces 
of flannel, are the materials commonly used In filters. 
Descriptions of good fillerlng cisterns were published in 
the American Agriculturist, Vol. XIX, page 45 (Feb. No., 
1861,) and Vol. XXII, page 73 (March No., 1863). 
About Washing Machines.— To many 
inquirers : The improved crank introduced into the 
"Nonpareil Washing Machine" adds materially to the 
ease of its working. It is the best washing machine we 
know of, unless it be the new implement, called " Doty's 
New York Clothes Washer," which seems lo be giving 
very general satisfaction. Considering the prices and 
the respective peculiar merits of the two machines, we 
can hardly decide between them. They have both been 
tried In our family for some months past, sometimes both 
on the same day, and sometimes on alternate washing 
days, and In answer to our frequent inquiries, the decis- 
ion is at one time in favor of one, and at another time in 
favor of the other. From what we know thus far, every- 
thing considered, we would trust the choice to a casting 
of lots. In this we are governed mainly by the opinions 
of those who work them. Having been thoroughly 
accustomed to turning the grind-stone and the fannlng- 
mill during boyhood and youth, we like the crank move- 
ment of the Nonpareil. Women accustomed to the old 
washboard, like the vertical motion of the Doty machine. 
A Ifatch of good ISread. — A lady sub- 
scriber at Morenu Station, N. Y., wishes the readers of 
the American Agriculturist to try one batch of bread 
made thus : "Take one large or two small potatoes for 
one loaf, pare and slice thin, boil to a mush in a tin or 
porcelain dish, with a pint of water ; when done, put a 
small quantity of good home-made yeast (say a table- 
spoonful) into this potato rnush as early as 4 p. m. the 
day before baking. At bed time add flour to make a 
sponge ; add a leaspoonful of salt : keep at a warm tem- 
perature. In the morning knead out, and bake when light. 
A Lemonade always at Hand. — 
Conveniences are rapidly multiplying in these days. Gail 
Borden is concentrating milk, cider, and coffee, so that 
we can carry a week's supply in a tin box. and always 
have them at hand for instant use. Dr. M. Morris of this 
city is making an equally convenient preparation, which 
one can carry in his pocket, and with a tablespoonful of 
It put into a tumbler of water, produce a very excellent 
lemonade, as wc can testify from a year's trial. It is 
made of the pure ingredients prepared from lemons, 
with [he addition of powdered white sugar, and preserv- 
ed in small tin boxes. It is already largely called for in 
the army, especially in the hospitals, while it maybe well 
kept on hand in the family for use in sickness, or when- 
ever a pleasant acid drink is required. 
Elaine Agricultural College.— At a 
recent meeting of the Maine State Agricultural Society 
it was resolved that the Society deem it advisable that 
the funds from the Government grant to Agricultural 
Colleges be expended for the establishment of a model 
farm and college, separate from any existing institution. 
Mass. Agricultural College. — The 
Springfield Republican says three towns have made pro- 
posals for the location of the State Agricultural College 
within their limits. Northampton offers the Smith fund 
charities, amounting to some $48,000, due in about three 
years, If some technicality of the will Is set aside. Am- 
herst will give $25,000 cash, and the use of $100,000 In 
buildings, w|th otfjer privileges, Mrs, Cary. a wealthy 
lady of Lexington, offers, In accordance with her hus- 
band's wishes, a farm of 140 anes, worth with iti appur- 
tenances $25,000, and $25,000 In citsh, on condition that the 
Legislature give $50,000, and the people of Lexington 
$50,000. The State requires $75,000 to be first raised, as 
a condition of the location uf the College; 
United States Agricultural Society. 
—Officers elected for 1804 : President— B. I). French ; Sec- 
retary—Hen). Perley Poore ; Treasurer— Jas. F. Brown ; 
Executive Committee— jaaac Newton, Commissioner of 
Agriculture, John Jones ol Delaware. F. Smith, N. H., 
Ward II. LaWBOn, III., W. B.Todd, DM. Col., Jas. S. 
Orlnnell, Mass., and J. R. Dodge of Ohio. 
Iflaine Hoard ot* Agriculture.— The 
following officers for If 64 were elected at a meeting held 
Jan. 20th. President— John F. Anderson ; Vict President 
— Calvin Chamberlain ; Secretary— Stephen L. Goodalc. 
Conn. State. Agricultural Society 
has elected the following officers for 1804 : President— E. 
H. Hyde, of Stafford; Recording Secretary — W. W. 
Stone, of New-Haven; Treasurer— F. A. Brown, of Hart- 
ford ; Chemist, Prof. S. W. Johnson of Yale College. 
IN'e^v—fersey State Agricultural So- 
ciety. — The annual meeting of Oils Society was held at 
Trenton, Jan. 21st. The attendance embraced many of 
the leading agriculturists of the State. Prof. Cook of 
New-Brunswick, made a report of a geological survey 
from the eastern to the western boundary of the State, 
including portions of Union, Somerset. Morris, and War- 
ren counties, which present nearly all the geological for- 
mations of the State. Dr. Trimble reported on Entomol- 
ogy, with particular reference to insects that destroy fruit. 
The following officers were elected: President — P. A. 
Voorhees ; Cor. Secretary — L. R. Cornell ; Rec. Secreta- 
ry— Wm. M. Force ; Treasurer — Benjamin Haines. A 
Vice President from each Congressional district, and an 
Executive Committee consisting of one member frort 
each county, were also elected. 
Penn, State Agricultural Society* 
The following are the officers for 1864: President, 
Thomas T. Knox ; Corresponding Secretary — A. Boyd 
Hamilton ; Chemist and Geologist — S. S. Haldeman ; 
Librarian— John Curwin, M. D. The lime for holding 
the next Annual Exhibition is fixed on Sept. 27th to 
30th, No place is designated, hut the Secretary is 
directed to invite proposals and subscriptions from county 
societies and localities desirous of securing the Fair, and 
to report at the next meeting in March. 
Oliio State Board of Agriculture.— 
The following officers have been elected for 1P64. Presi- 
dent— kelson J. Turner ; Recording Secretary— Wm. F. 
Greer ; Corresponding Secretary— John H. KHppart ; 
Treasurer — David Taylor; Directors — Thos. C.Jones, 
James Fullinglon, Wm. B. McLung, Darwin E. Garde- 
ner, Wm. Dewitt, Wm. R. Putnam, Daniel McMilleo. 
The next State Fair to be held at Columbus, Sept. 13. to 16. 
The York (3few-llrnnswick) Agri- 
cultural Society, at its annual meeting, elected the 
following offie.ers : President— John H. Reid ; Secretary — 
James S. Beck : 7Wrt.viy/-rr— John A. Beckwlth ; Execu- 
tive Committee— Julius L. Inches, S. Fleming, T. Temple. 
Correction. — The directions for enrins: hams 
and heef in Feb. No., page 54, came from Burlington Co., 
N. J., not Iowa, as there stated. Want of plainness in 
the manuscript also made us call the meat the " Jersey 
Red" — Mr. Hulme writes that he intended to say : "This 
is known as the "Jersey Receipt.'' 
A 'Cheese Factory is to be erected in 
Cheshire, Mass., 100 hy CO feet in size. It will be ready 
for occupancy this spring, and it will be sufficient to con- 
sume the milk of 400 cows. Another edifice of about the 
same size is to be erected near Cheshire Corners. 
Animals, etc., at the >. Y. Central 
Park. — Frequent contributions of animals, birds, etc.. 
from our own and foreign countries, are being received 
by the Commissioners of the Central Park. We notice 
among recent arrivals a fine young American easle, and 
a pair of live pratrle chickens. A buffalo, elk, and a pair 
of antelopes are on their way. The establishment of a 
Zoological department a-t this point, which has already 
been commenced under favorable auspices, is of no little 
importance to students and to the country at large. There 
should at least be representatives of all our native ani- 
mate and bird*, and this may be accomplished with com- 
parative e*se. Many readers of the Agriculturist either 
personally or through their sportsmen friends, can securo 
ipeclmens of rriueh value, and thus aid the enterprise, 
