4r2 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[l^EBRUAET, 
50 
-The 
Contents for February, 1870. 
Bee Notes 
Boys' and Girls' Columns. — Rambles in China. 
Doctor's Talks — Abont Ice. — Home Games. — 
Throwing Light.— The Prize Poodle.— The Pioneer 
of the Train. — Pictnre Conundrum. — Answers to 
Problems and Puzzles 4 Illustrations.. n't, 63 
Buffalo Cane 03 
Can the United States Raise its Own Wool ? 58 
Care of Young Pigs in "Winter 5S 
Clod Crushers 4 Illustrations. .56 
Do Pigs Pay ? 5S 
Egyptian Beet Illustrated. . 01 
Farm Work in February « 42 
Flower Garden and Lawn in February 43 
Fruit Garden in February 43 
Gigantic Water-bug Illustrated. . 01 
Green Fly and Red Spider Illustrated . .03 
Green-house and Window Plants in February 43 
Hedges, or Live Fences for the West 6*2 
Horse Papers for Farmers— No. 2 52 
Household Deoartmc-nt.— A Shoe Blacking Stand. — 
Soothing Syrup, or Poisoning Hade Easy. — Wash- 
ing Fluids Again. — Scouring Knives. — Household 
Talks, by Aunt Hattie.— Economical Cooking- 
Something out of Nothing.— 10 Recipes. ..IB.. 65, 66 
Killing Beeves on the Farm 3 Illustrations . .57 
Kitchen Garden in February . .43 
Laying Ont a Flower Garden 3 Illustrations. . 64 
Market Reports 45 
Maple Sugar Making S Illustrations. .5S, 60 
Mexican Coba?a — Variegation Illustrated. . 61 
New Apples— Monte Bello and Irish Pippin — 2 Illus. . 63 
Ogden Farm Papers— No. 2.— Manures.— Jersey Cows 
—Steaming Food 50, 52 
Orchard and Nursery in February 43 
Poultry— Crested Turkey Illustrated . .53 
Poultry— Glass-covered Rnn for Early Chickens. 2 Illus.. 55 
Poultry — Ornamental Pheasants ,. Illustrated. .41 
Salt Muck— Will it Pay to Dig It ? 56 
Sheep Require Water in Winter 53 
Tomatoes— Experiment with 25 Varieties 01 
Walks and Talks on the Farm— No. 54,— Farmer's 
Pluck— Fanners and Mental Culture— Management 
of Poor Land — Using up Old Timber — Snow and 
Manures— Essex Pigs and Grades— Varieties of 
Oats 54.55 
Wet Hoir.-yar'i-s-ii^iusance Illustrated. .57 
Window Plants and Frost 63 
TNDEX TO ' ; BASK"KT" OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
I 
Calendar for February, 
Letters and Letters 46 
Lilacs 47 
Mangy Pigs 49 
Many Apples 48 
Nest Eggs 47 
N. T. State Poultry Soc. 40 
Nutriment iu Beans 49 
Oats 47 
Oil-Cake— Oil-Meal 50 
Opium 48 
Papasicnlteur 48 
Pears 4S 
Peas and Strawberries.. ,4S 
Penn. State Poultry Soc. 46 
Cost of Keeping a Cow. .43 [ Plaster at $10 per ton. . .48 
Arbor Vita; 4S 
Apples for Minn 49 
A Ton of Manure 47 
Best Thing in the World.43 
Black Knot 4S 
Boiled Beans 49 
Boiled Wheat for Cows. 4S 
Brewer's Grains for Poul- 
try 48 
Buckthorn and Gophers.. 48 
Butter Making Prize 50 
Cedar Apples 4S 
Color of Sefton Pigs 48 
Corn and Potatoes. 
.49 
Cow ■"• Fancy.' 
Cranberries. 
Creaky Boots 
.49|Plowing Under Clover... 4S 
.47 ' Roc. Am. Pom. Soc 47 
.4S Ryle's Seedling 4S 
Enormous Cattle 46 Root Pruning 
Enmelan Grape..... ... 48 
Exhibition at Cordova.. .49 
Facts about Butter 50 
Farm Wages 46, 49 
Farrow Cows 4S 
Feeding Fowls 49 
Ferrets 47 
Flower Questions 47 ,. 
Freezing Seeds 48 j'Soil with Manure.. 7 
Fresh Manure for Corn.. 47 
Fruit Garden 48 
Geological Report 47 
Grape'Cultnrist 48 
Grapes 47 
Geese Without Pond 49 
Green-leaf iu Trouble 47 
Harrowing Manure 43 
Hay and Straw Culture... 49 
Hogs Feed on Cattle 
Droppings 50 
How to Import Stock 4C 
How to Make it Pay 49 
Ice House 49 
Kerosene 47 
Labor per Acre 43 
.48 
Rotary Harrows 49 
Sanford Corn 4S 
Seedling with Barley 48 
G*4 Subscribers a Minute.46 
Shall we Sow Bailey «... 4S 
Shares' Harrow 49 
Steaming Corn 4S 
Strawberries Mixing 4S 
49 
Sore Mouth in Cattle 49 
Special Premiums 47 
Substitutes for Muck 49 
Sundry Humbugs 46 
Tan-bark Ashes 49 
Taste of Turnips in But- 
ter 4S 
Time to Sow Plaster 4S 
Value of Tardful of Ma- 
nure 47 
Veterinary Instruction. . .49 
Weeds 47 
West and South 46 
White Birches .49 
White Grass 4S 
Worms in Horses 49 
Back Volumes Supplied. — The back volumes 
of the Agriculturist are very valuable. They contain 
information upon every topic connected with rural life, 
out-door and in-door, and the last thirteen volumes make 
una very complete library. Each volume lias a fullindex 
for ready reference to any desired topic. We have on 
hand, and print from electrotype plates as wanted, all the 
numbers and volumes for thirteen years past, beginning 
with ".807— that is. Vol. 10 to Vol. 23. inclusive. Any of 
these volumes sent complete (in numbers) at $1.75 each, 
post-paid, (or $1.50 if taken at the office). The volumes, 
neatly bound, are supplied for $2 each, or $2.50 if to be 
sent by mail. Any single numbers of the past thirteen 
years will be supplied, post-paid, for 15 cents each. 
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AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, FEBRUARY, 1S70. 
We approach the time, with the passage of this 
mouth, when farmers must have their plans made, 
a»a know pretty well just what they purpose, and 
how they will carry it out. The lengthening days 
make farmers impatient for held irork. . Zt ic K%u 
time that good farm hands were engaged for the 
summer. The best make the earliest engagements. 
As there has been quite a dearth of employment 
for laboring men, both in town and country, we 
auticipate engagements at lower rates than ruled 
last year. Money is " tight," in commercial phrase, 
and farmers have not been so well paid for their 
products as in the past few years. This should 
not influence us to decrease our operations ; to ex- 
tend them with discretion, and to employ still 
more labor, would be better policy. The prosperi- 
ty of the country depends directly upon large, 
good crops, of our staple productions. Labor 
well employed, and manure well applied, will 
surely pay in the long run. The price of prodnce 
is influenced greatly by the European markets, and, 
of course, by the harvests of the rest of the world. 
We are at peace, and the irregularities consequent 
upon a state of war have nearly passed away. Our 
population is rapidly increasing, land is growing 
in value, and the prosperity of our country and of 
the farming interest was never more certain. 
Hints About Work. 
Wintering Stock too often means feeding animals 
just enough to bring them through to spriug, or 
to "grass," with life enough to recover in a few 
weeks from their rnn down, "spring-poor" condi- 
tion. No class of stock can he thus treated with- 
out lbss. They are liable to take diseases, they 
become the prey to all sorts of vermin, and if the 
treatment goes a little too far, the crows and dogs 
pick the bones. Any land of stock may be winter- 
ed well on good upland hay and corn-stalks, or bet- 
ter, corn fodder.whick is a good variation or mixture 
for beef cattle and horses. They eat bright wheat 
and oat straw, and salt or marsh hay with a relish 
occasionally. Host horses will keep fat as seals on 
hay alone, if not worked. They should be fed 
moderately, three times a day. Cows and young 
cattle cannot eat too much, and should have all 
they will eat of coarse fodder. They ought not to 
be made very fat, and will uot become so without 
grain. Sheep will do well on straw, com fodder, J 
and hay, swine on clover hay, corn fodder, and a 
little brau or slops daily, if they have warm quarters. 
Beef Stock. — As beeves increase in flesh, their 
feed should be improved in quality, and varied, so 
as to tempt the appetite, especially if they arc to 
be marketed soon. If they are to be kept for graz- 
ing, they need not be fed highly, but kept gaining. 
Corns. — Should any " come in " thus early, give 
them warm quarters and abundant feed, which 
may well consist of four or five quarts of bran or 
middlings, two quarts of oil-meal or corn-meal, 
and half a bushel of roots for each one, with all 
the hay she will eat. This will keep up the flow 
of milk until grass comes. Grain fed to cows with 
calf is of great service, and it is perfectly safe to 
let a cow get almost beef fat ; if she is a good 
milker, all will come back in milk and cream. 
Horses in steady use need only good feed and 
grooming, with care that their shoeing is suitable 
for the season. Those having little work should 
be exercised, that their legs do not become stiff 
and "stocky." If they do, hand rubbing is an ex- 
cellent thing to reduce them. They get exercise 
enough usually by having an hour's run daily. 
Brood- Mares should have regular exercise also, 
and their feed may be increased in quantity or 
quality as their time approaches. Be careful about 
their slipping upon the ice, and see that Ihcy have 
feed and water regularly, and salt, either always ac- 
eessible,or given frequently — the former plan is best. 
Sheep. — Separate the weakly from those that 
crowd them, so that each shall get its full share of 
feed. Feed roots if you have them to all, hut 
especially to fattening sheep, and ewes near yean- 
ing. Remove vermin and scab by carbolic soap. 
Early Lambs should be yeaned in very warm 
quarters, carefully attended during the critical 
period of the first few days. Should they become 
chilled and set hack, much of the profit is lost. 
Breeding Svtcs require a variety of nourishing 
feed. Clovpr hay. milk, boiled potatoes, bmn, oto. 
Do not expose to cold winds or to drifting snow. 
Sick and Disabled Animals, of all sorts, should be 
separated from others of their kind, and place* 
where they can have extra care, better feed, warm, 
clean stills, with plenty of bedding, and where they 
can be watched and groomed. Never "doctor" 
by guess work ; if you do not know what is the 
matter, or what to do, do nothing but give good 
nursing, and tru6t to nature. If it is inconvenient 
to provide other accommodations, a sick horse 
may be placed in a loose box in the cow stables, 
and a siek cow may be placed among the horses. 
Rjultry. — It is time for all kinds of poultry to 
prepare for laying; this they do by accumulating 
flesh in the first instance, and by the time the hens, 
ducks, geese and turkeys are in good condition, 
they will, if good for anything, begin to lay. If 
we wait until they lay before we begin to feed them 
well, they will give us few eggs before they want 
to sit. The arrangements for a large clutch of eggs 
are made early, probably long before a single one 
is laid. Give fowls some meat or pounded bones, 
and oyster shells, and gravel if the ground is cov- 
ered with snow. Ducks need similar food. Geese 
should have green feed — cabbage leaves, and turnip 
sprouts are good for them, and for all poultry. 
They will eat hay, which is best cut small, and 
pounded on a block after having been soaked. 
Grain Fields, if hare, should be looked to, to see 
that the water furrows are free, aud that the soil is 
not liable to be washed by spring rains. If the 
grain is much heaved by the frost, it should be 
rolled as soon as the frost is out and the ground is 
settled enough. If clover seeding is intended, the 
seed may he sowed before rolling. It will probab-'y 
not start before settled warm weather. Top-dress- 
ings of hone-dust, ashes, fish guano, fine, r-vh com- 
post, Peruvian guano, or good superphosphate, will 
do much towards resuscitating grain which the win- 
ter has used roughly, and may he put on poor spots. 
Tlie Wood Lot will still furnish work. Fire-wood 
cut during the winter should be hauled in and piled 
under cover of a roof, so that air shall circulate 
freely through it, if it is desired to have it in per- 
