1870.] 
AMERICA>7 AGRICULTURIST. 
555 
HOW CROPS (xBOW NEW AND VALUABLE work. 
A TREATISE 
Chemical Composition, Structure, 
and Life of the Plant, 
FOR ALL STUDENTS OF AGRICULTURE. 
WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES 
OF ANALYSES, 
BY 
SAMUEL W. JOHNSON, M. A. 
Professor of Analytical and Agricultural Chem- 
istry in Yale College ; Chemist to the Conn. 
State Agricultural Society ; Member of 
the National Academy op Sciences. 
This is a volume of nearly 400 pages, in which Agri- 
cultural Plants, or "Crops," arc considered from three 
distinct, yet closely related, stand-points, as indicated by 
the descriptive title. 
The Chemical Composition of the Plant 
Is discussed in three Chapters. 
1st.— The Volatile Part. 
M.—TIie Ash — its Ingredients, their Distribution, Varia- 
tion and Quantities. The Composition of the Ash 
of various Farm Crops, with full Tables; and the 
Functions of the Ash. 
3d. — Composition of tJie Plant in various Stages of 
Growth^ and the Relations subsisting among the 
Ingredients. 
The Structure of the Plant and the 
Offices of its Organs 
Is the subject of the Second Division, in which are 
discussed 
The Primary Elements of Organic Structure. 
The Vegetative Organs — Hoot, Stem, and Leaf, and their 
Functions : and 
The Reproductive Organs, viz., Flowers and Fruit, a ad 
the Vitality of Seeds with their Influence on the Plants 
they produce. 
The Life of the Plant 
Forms the Third Division, under which am. discussed 
tin Phenomena of 
Germination i and the conditions most favorable and 
unfavorable to it 
The Food of tlte Plant when independent of the Seed. 
■■>/> and its Motion r, etc., etc. 
The Appendix, which consists of 13 Tables exhibiting 
the Composition of a great number of Plants viewed 
from many different stand-points, will be found of ines- 
timable value to practical agriculturists, students, and 
tl rlats. 
s t ■' \ T 1 'OST-FAID PRICE $2.00. 
ORANGE JUDD & CO., 
245 Broadway, New York. 
HOW CE0PS TEED 
A TREATISE ON THE 
ATMOSPHERE AND THE SOIL 
A NEW BOOK FOR ALL 
STUDENTS OF AGRICULTURE 
AGRICULTURAL 
AS RELATED TO THE 
nutrition of AGEiouLTURAL plantr. Qualitative and Quantitative 
■WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. 
SAMUEL W. JOHNSON, M. A., 
Professor of Analytical and Agricultural Chem- 
istry in the Sheffield Scientific School of 
Yale College; Chemist to the Connecticut 
State Agricultural Society ; Member of 
the National Academy of Sciences. 
The work entitled "How Crops Grow' 1 has been re- 
ceived with very great favor, not only in America, but in 
Europe. It has been republished in England under the 
joint Editorship of Professors Church and Dyer, of the 
Royal Agricultural College, at Cirencester, and a transla- 
tion into German is soon to appear, at the instigation 
of Professor von Liebig. The Author, therefore, puts 
forth this volume — the companion and complement to the 
former— with the hope that it also will be welcomed by 
those who appreciate the scientific aspects of Agricul- 
ture, and are persuaded that a true Theory is the surest 
guide to a successful Practice. 
CONTENTS. 
DIVISION I. 
The Atmosphere as Related to lege- i 
tation. 
CHAPTER I.— -Atmospheric Air as Food of Plants. 
Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere. Relations of 
Oxygen Gas, Nitrogen Gas, Atmospheric Water, Car- 
bonic Acid Gas, and Atmospheric Ammonia to Veg- 
etable Nutrition. Ozoue. Compounds of Nitrogen | 
and Oxygen in the Atmosphere. Other Ingredients of ■ 
the Atmosphere. Recapitulation of the Atmospheric j 
Supplies of Food to Crops. Assimilation of Atmos- i 
pheric Food. Tabular View of the Relations of the | 
Atmospheric Ingredients to the Life of Plauts. 
CHAPTER n.— The Atmosphere as Physically Re- 
lated to Vegetation. 
Manner of Absorption of Gaseous Food by Plants. 
DIVISION II. 
The Soil as Related to Vegetable Pro- 
duction. 
CHAPTER I.— Introductory. 
CHAPTER II.— ORIGIN and Formation of Soil.-. 
Chemical and Mineralogical Elements of Rocks. Kinds 
and Characters of Rocks. Conversion of Rocks into 
Soil. Incorporation of Organic Matter with the Soil. 
CHAPTER III. —Kinds of Soils, their Definition and 
Classification. 
Distinctions of Soils based upon the Mode of their Fop 
mation or Deposition ; and upon Obvious or External 
Characters. 
CHAPTER IV. — Physical Characters of the Soil. 
Weight of Soils. Stale of Division. Absorption of Vn 
por of Water. Condensation of Gases. Power of Re 
moving of Solid Matters from Solution. Permeability to 
Liquid Water. Imbibition. Capillary Power. Changes 
of Hulk by Drying and Frost. Relations to Heat. 
CHAPTER V.— The Soil as a Snur.cc of Food to 
Chops : Ingredients whose Eleme hts ire op 
Atmospheric Origin 
The Free Water of the Soil in its Relation? to \ ■• tab! 
Nutrition. The Air of the Soil. Non-nUro; u Oi 
panic Matters. Humus. The Ammonia of the Soil. 
Nitric Acid (Nitrates) of the Soil. Nitrogenous Or- 
ganic. Matters of the soil. Available Nitrogen Dei H 
of Organic Matters. Nitrogenous Principles of Urine, 
Nutritive Value of Ammonia Salts and Nitrates 
CHAPTER VI. —Tun Soil as a Sot-ike of Fo 
Crops: Ingredients whosi Elements uu D 
rived prom Rocks. 
General View of the Constitution of the Soil a Related 
to Vegetable Nutrition. Aqneonc Solution ol the Soil 
Solution of the Soil in Strom; Vcids, Portion of Soil 
Insoluble in Acids. Reactions hv which the Solubility 
of the BlenvmtP of the Soil Is pilwcl. Briwnt Effect* 
of Various Substances. Absorptive and Fixing Power 
of Soils. Review and Conclnsinn. 
PRTOE, rOST PAID. $2.00. 
ORANGE JTJDD AND COMPANY, 
S45 Broadway, New York. 
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS. 
EDITED BY 
G. C. C ALU TV E LL, 
Professor of Agricultural Chemistry in the' Cornell 
University. 
Teachers of Agricultural Chemistry have long felt the 
need of a text book which should serve as a guide to the. 
analysis of soils, manures, and the products of the farm. 
The present work is very thorough, beginning with the 
preparation of reagents and giving the most approved 
methods of manipulation. Professor Caldwell modestly 
calls himself the editor, but his book shows that he has 
not contented himself with editing the works or others, 
hut has given much of Iris own experience. 
CONTENTS. 
CHAPTER I.— The Reagents. 
List of the reagents needed, with directions for prepar- 
ing them, when not more readily obtained otherwise, 
and for testing their purity. 
CHAPTER II.— Analytical Manipulation. 
Determination of specific gravity, solution, evaporation, 
precipitation. filtration (including Bnnsen's new meth- 
od), weighing of residues and precipitates, measur- 
ing and dividing solutions, and calculation of results. 
CHAPTER III.— Reactions and Methods op Quanti- 
tative Estimation. 
Potassium, sodium, ammonium, barium, calcium, mag- 
nesium, aluminium, iron, manganese, zinc, lead, 
copper, and arsenic; silicic, sulphuric, carbonic, 
phosphoric, nitric, hydrochloric, hydrocyanic, hydro- 
ferrocyanic, hydrosulphuric, hydriodic, hydrofluoric, 
oxalic, acetic, tartaric, citric, malic, lactic, uric, hip 
puric, and tannic acids: cellulose, starch, gum, the 
sugars, albuminoids, urea, fat, and alcohol. 
CHAPTER IV.— Special Methods or Analysis. 
Course of Qualitative analysis, estimation of water, of 
organic matter, of sulphur and chlorine in organic 
compounds, special methods >a' separation of bases 
and acids, schemes Of analysis. 
CHAPTER V.— Analysis op Soils wn Rocks. 
Mechanical and chemical analysis, and examination of 
physical properties of soils, and examination of 
marl, limestone, and clay 
CB IPTER VI.— Fertilizers. 
Farm-yard manure, urine, solid excrements, bone-meal, 
bone-black, bone-ash. phosphorite, guano, super- 
phosphate, gypsum, salt, potash compounds, ;1 nrt 
Chili saltpetre. 
CHAPTER VTI.— Ashes. 
Ashes of plants, ^ animal substances, and of fuel. 
CHAPTER Vm.— Fodder \n» Food. 
Fodder plants, beets, turnips, potatoes, seeds, meal. 
flour, milk, butter, cheese, and viuega 
CHAPTER i i VI ool \mi Bark. 
Examination of wool and tanners' bark. 
* n UPTER X -r.t-.. i - : ...; 
W atei and wine. 
ell iPTER SCI -Tabi i 
Metric system of weights and measures, atomic weights 
of elements, factors for calculating analysos, cstima 
lion of launiu in bark, etc. 
PRICE, POST-PAID, $2.00. 
ORANGE JUDD & CO., 
245 Broadway, New York. 
