362 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[October, 
Contents for October, 1870. 
Bee Notes for October 370 
Birds — Divers aud Grebes Illustrated.. 373 
Boys and Girls' Columns.— Jugglers in India, by Carle- 
ton— The Corn-Stalk Fiddle — Eyes made to serve for 
Ears — Answers to Problems and Puzzles— Rebuses 
-4 Illustrations. . 3S7-3BS 
Bulbs and Bulb- Peddlers...: 383 
Cheap Draining Illustrated. .378 
Chestnutmg— The Chestnut-Tree Illustrated.. 379-380 
Eradicating Weeds— Fallow vs. Hoed Crops 378 
Fairs to be held in October aud November 364 
Farm Work for October 362 
Flower Gardeu and Lawn in October 364 
Flowers— The Japanese Iris Illustrated . .384, 
Forcing Rhubarb 381 
Frosts 384 
Fruit Garden in October 363 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in October 354 
Hints and Notions about Poultry Raising 378 
Horse Papers for Farmers— No. 9 370 
Horseshoe, or King-Crab Illustrated.. 373 
Household Department. — Household Ornaments — 
Grass .Bouquets— Mending and Makingover, by 
Faith Rochester— Water in the House— Preserving 
Crab-Apples — Hair Dves — The Hair— Rolliches— 
Tripe — Odd Washing-Fluid Recipes— Hints on Cook- 
ing, etc lllust rated.. 385-3S6 
How to Start or Back a Heavy Load Illustrated . . 377 
Ice-house and Summer Dairy Combined.4 Hlvs1raUon$3"& 
Injection Apparatus for Animals... .2 Illustrations. .376 
Inland Water-Carriage in a Small Way 379 
Insects on Evergreens. . 383 
Iusects — The Gigantic Digger- Wasp Illustrated..^^ 
Kitchen Garden In October 353 
Locust and Ailanthus Trees 384 
Make the Pigs Fat , 379 
Market Reports 365 
Milk— or Milk and Water f Illustrated. . 377 
Muck Mines 379 
New Milk 361 
Notes from the Pines — Coleuses — The Glory Pea — 
Double Geraniums— Tritomas— White Zinnias— Tro- 
phy Tomato— Garden Tools 382 
Ogden Farm Papers.— No. 10— Fighting the Drouth- 
Irrigation — Transplanting Mangels and Ruta-bagas 
— The Foundation of Successful Farming 371-372 
Orchard and Nursery in October 363 
Plants that will Bloom in Winter 382 
Potato— A Native Illustrated.. 384 
Premiums for 1S71 392-395 
Saving Fodder 377 
Shrubs— The Pvracauth Thorn for Hedges. Illustrated. .381 
Shrubs— The Virginia Itea Illustrated.. 381 
Straw Crop -Rye 376 
Treatment of a Diseased Pear-Tree 382 
Trees on Sandv Soil without Manure 383 
Walks and Talks on the Farm— No. 82— Sheep-letting 
in England-Thatching Stacks— Steam-Plows-Wbat 
to do with Straw — Improving^ Sheep — Corn in Mis- 
souri — Steel and Cast-Don Plows — Cultivators and 
Harrows—" Thin Bind Hog."— Sheep and Dogs- 
Crossing Swine — Weight of Cotswold Sheep — Feed- 
ing Lambs Illustrated. .374-375 
INTJES TO "BASKET" OR SMALLER ARTICLES. 
Ailanthus Unhealthy 369;List of Ag'l etc. Societies.369 
Black or Barn Weevil 367jMark on my Paper 367 
Book— Beautifying Coun- (Mason's Fruit Jars .365 
try Homes..". 365 Moles 367 
Box-Trees 36H ;New-England Fair 366 
Cactus 3G7]Ncw Peach 367 
Chestnntsin Illinois 367 Our Annuals 365 
Cranberries npon Upland 365 Patent Humbugs 366 
Dahlias 367 Percheron and Norman 
Death of J. G. Yictcb... .36o! Horses 369 
Descriptions of Grapes.. 368'Pereonal 
.367 
Does Fish Culture Pay r..3«7iPlants by Mail. 
Draining a Barn Cellar. . .369 Petroleum as Paint. 
Draining a Pig-pen . 
Enthusiastic Farmer . . 
.369iPopular Names of Fruits.367 
.369'Puhlishers Astir 365 
Evergreens -from Seed. . .^Richmond Peach 367 
Fairs in Oct. and Nov 365 Salt and Asparagus 369 
Fair of the Am. Instltute.S55!Stable Floors, etc 367 
Farmers' Clubs 369 Sumach 366 
Flowers in Church 367 Sundry Humbugs 365 
Fruit Crop in England. . .366 Tobacco Stems fbrMan'e.367 
Grape Cnltnrist and Far- "Vine Lock 367 
mers' Club 367, Washed or Unwashed 
Grapes— What is the mat- I Butter 369 
ter? 367 Weeping Trees 367 
Hedge in Connecticut 367,Westcrn Gardener 366 
Killing Sassafras and Per- . White Leghorns 367 
Simmon Trees 369"W. J." : 367 
Lice on Cabbages 367! Wood-Ducks and Falcons367 
»©-■ 
Take Notice, 
2 Months' Subscription for $0.00. 
Woery I\ew Subscriber to the ,Ameriean Agri- 
culturist for 1§?3, w7to.se subscription comes to 
htiitd during October, will be presented with the pa- 
per the rest of this year wiUiout charge, 
3f thr name be marked new when sent in. 
.... Take Notice, that this offer extends to All 
ytev%~ Subscribers, wliether coming singly, or in Pre- 
mium Clubs, or otherwise. (This will help those who 
no"W begin to make up lists for Premiums, for they 
can offer to each new subscriber a bomts of two months, 
free, and still count these names in Premium Lists.) 
Calendar for October. 
1 
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« 
^ 
4 
1 
S 
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s 
3 
M 
4 
T 
w 
6 
T 
K 
R 
S 
9 
S 
10 
M 
11 
T 
13 
W 
13 
T 
14 
V 
15 
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17 
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■•II 
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25 
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27 
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29 
s 
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81 
Al 
Boston.NEng- 
land,N. York 
State, Michi- 
gan, Wiscon- 
sin, loica, and 
Oregon. 
r.si H. M. 
42 10 43 
40 11 43 
39 morn 
47 
I iV. I*. City, CI., 
I Philadelphia, 
1 Jfew Jersey, 
I Penn., Ohio. 
Indiana, and 
Illinois. 
5 58 
5 59 
6 0| 
6 V 
95 
6 10 
6 11 5 
G IS 5 
6 14 5 
6 15.5 
6 IB 5 
6 175 
6 18 5 
6 20 5 
C 21 5 
(1 22 5 
23 5 
6 21 5 
r> 26 5 
27 5 
6 2S 4 
6 294 
6 31 4 
6 324 
1 51 
2 54 
3 56 
4 5S 
rises 
6 20 
6 47 
7 16 
7 49 
8 28 
19; 9 13 
17 10 5 
15 11 
14|morn 
12 
§3l§s 
h.m n 
5 56,5 
r. 57; 5 
S 58 5 
5 59 5 
6 015 
6 15 
6 25 
6 3J5 
6 4.5 
6 5:5 
H. 51. 
10 4S 
11 48 
morn 
51 
1 55 
2 57 
3 5S 
4 59 
30, rises 
28j 6 22 
1 10 
2 21 
3 33 
4 47 
sets 
6 10 
6 50 
7 37 
9 34 
10 37 
55 11 -12 
6 1Q|5 
6 11 5 
r, 12 5 
c ;3 5 
6 14 5 
6 15 5 
6 16,5 
G 1815 
6 19 5 
6 2015 
6 2l's 
6 23 5 
G 23 5 
24,5 
6 265 
G 27 5 
il 2=14 
29'4 
27 
6 49 
?.V 
720 
23 
7 53 
'.-' 
8 32 
■M 
9 18 
19 
10 10 
17 
11 5 
16 morn 
14; 
7 
Washington, 
Maryland, 
Yirginia,Ken. 
tucky, Missou- 
ri, and Cali- 
fornia. 
H.M H.M H. M. 
5 55|5 43 10 53 
42 11 53 
40 morn 
56 
5 56 5 
5 57 5 
5 58 5 
5 595 
6 5 
1 13 
2 23 
3 34 
4 47 
i sets 
6 13 
6 54 
7 42 
5 38 
9 S9 
10 42 
11 46 
1 
2 3 
3 5 
4,5 
5,5 
65 
7 5 
95 
9,5 
' 6 1015 
, 6 11,5 
6 12'5 
6 13 5 
6 ll!5 
i 6 15,5 
6 16 5 
6 1= ' 
6 19 5 
• 6 20 5 
6 21 5 
6 22 5 
6 235 
6 24 5 
6 25,5 
6 26 5 
1 59 
3 
3 59 
4 59 
ises 
6 24 
6 52 
7 23 
758 
923 
10 15 
19' 11 11 
18 morn 
16i 12 
117 
2 26 
335 
4 47 
Jets 
6 16 
6 53 
7 48 
8 44 
944 
10 47 
11 50 
PHASES OF THE MOOS 
1st Quart.. 
Full 
3d Quart.. . 
New Moon 
1st Quart. 
BOSTON*. 
n. m. 
J 3". ev. 
9 59 m. 
171 1 29 ev. 
24110 52 m. 
31! 3 17 m. 
>.'. YORK, 
U. M. 
4 23 ev 
9 47 m. 
1 17 ev. 
4 11 ev. 
9 S5 m. 
1 5 ev. 
10 40 m.llO 28 m 
3 5 m.| 2 53 m. 
CHA STOX1CHICAGO. 
H. M. 
3 59 ev. 
9 23 m. 
53 ev. 
10 16 m. 
2 41 m. 
H. si. 
3 29 ev. 
8 53 m. 
23 ev. 
9 46 m. 
2 11 m. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW TORkToCTOBER, 1870. 
"We have passed through a season of terrific heat, 
long continued, and little relieved by raius. The 
storms of the summer and early autumn have borne 
great hlessings to the thirsty land, but they have 
been accompanied by violent winds and -wonderful 
exhibitions of electricity, which have wrought lo- 
cal damage to the great distress of many farmers. 
These violent storms are usually quite circum- 
scribed in their destructive effects, and around the 
outer sides of the tempestuous centers the blessed 
raius have fallen, moistening the parched earth and 
reviving drooping vegetation. Parts of New Eng- 
land, judging from our correspondence, suffered 
more than other sections. The cattle have been fed 
on hay ; young stock on weeds and the undergrowth 
of the woods, and sheep on bushes and swamp grass. 
Late crops have suffered ; corn, in some places, po- 
tatoes, almost everywhere, turnips, generally ; nev- 
ertheless we are not likely to want. The great gran- 
aries of the West will feed the East, and there are 
many things we can do without. The modern hay 
presses put hay into su«h small compass that it 
can be as economically transported as corn. Bulk 
makes little difference, provided a railroad car can 
receive its full load of 10 or 15 tons, and this can 
be accomplished. While, therefore, the canal still 
competes with the railroads, it might be well to 
secure the transportation of hay to Eastern mar- 
kets where there is likely to be a dearth. Cotton- 
seed cake, linseed cake, and other forms of concen- 
trated provender will be used extensively this 
winter, and contracts should be early entered into 
for them, or a stock laid in. 
The Fairs this year are held so that there seems 
to be less collision than usual, and persons can go 
from oueto another, which, with exhibitors as well 
as Agricultural Editors, is very desirable. 
Now is just the time of the year to start Farmers' 
Clubs. There is little enough social enjoyment in 
most rural neighborhoods, and a well-managed 
Farmers' Club exerts a civilizing and refining in- 
fluence among the farmers' families. It makes 
people think of something besides the humdrum of 
the daily routine of work, eating, and sleeping. It 
promotes a taste for reading and thought about 
the daily pursuits of life, and in every way is im- 
proving and pleasurable. A good form for a con- 
stitution was given on page 287 (August i, and one 
for a simpler organization, by some thought to be 
more elastic and better adapted to a Farmers' Club 
is giveu on page 369, of this number. 
Hints at>oiit Work. 
Fann Buildings. — Animals will soon need shel- 
ter, if they do not already, and should be regularly 
stabled at uight, as in winter. In putting the sta- 
bles in order, look well to the floors, and to the 
timbers in contact with manure, or the liquids of 
the stable ; renew those which are in any degree 
weak. Tighten weather-boards, patch roofs if 
leaky. See that all buildings around the barn-yard 
have good eavestroughs and gutters, so that no 
more water than uecessary enters the barn-yard 
Boad mending at this season must be done with 
clean gravel and sand, otherwise the mended spots 
will be very soft, and will cut into ruts in fall and 
spring. This material, with small, broken stones 
in some places, is the only lit substance for mend- 
ing roads, where it can be obtained. Make good, 
bard turnouts for water, on roads upon descending 
grades, distributing the road wash upon meadows 
or pastures, if possible. Bridges and embank- 
ments should be well looked to, and put in order 
for winter before cold weather sets in. 
Ice-Houses. — Experiment has proved that though 
it is really cooler under ground than above, during 
most of the year, yet, that if the wooden walls of 
ice-houses be properly constructed they will prove 
a better protection to the ice above ground than 
stone walls, with a lining of plank and non-conduct- 
ing filling below ground. Besides it is decidedly 
cheaper to build above than below the surface. 
We give a plan for an ice-house and dairy on page 
376. The manner of constructing the ice-house 
portion is applicable to one used simply for keep- 
ing ice. The points to be borne in mind are simply 
these. 1. Perfect drainage. 2. Close, strong, non- 
conducting, domble walls of plank on the inside, 
having the space between them not less than eight 
inches wide, and this filled with some dry, porous 
material, like saw-dust or spent tan. 3. An op- 
portunity for a change of air above the ice — en- 
tirely avoiding drafts. A house 12x12 feet square 
on the inside, is the best size for a private family. 
10 x 10 feet square will generally keep the ice well, 
but it will waste badly, aud soft ice, such as we had 
last winter, will not last through the summer. 
Pouitry Houses. — We think it well to dig out for 
henneries, and set them a few (say 3) feet below the 
ground level, provided perfect drainage can be se- 
cured. Cement the bottom ; set the studs upon 
the cemented floor; board up upon the inside above 
the ground level and fill in behind the boards with 
cement concrete. Outside nail hemlock boards 
against the studs as high as you have earth enough, 
or think best to raise an earth bank. We have 
given many plans for henneries in our back num- 
bers. Light, warmth, cleanliness, aud good feed- 
ing, will secure a supply of eggs all winter. 
Potatoes. — A dry, warm spell will start potatoes 
growing, especially early sorts. All should be dug 
at once. We prefer to place them on the barn 
floor, or in some dry out-building, where they will 
"sweat" before bringing them into the cellar. 
When this cannot be done, place them in small 
piles in the field, and cover with straw or hay 
for a few days. When the whole heap in the 
bins or the cellar becomes moist from the sweating 
which is sure to take place without these precau- 
tions, rot is very likely to supervene. In digging 
leave the potatoes upon the surface and exposed to 
the sun only long enough to become dry. Then go 
through aud pick up only those of marketable size, 
larger than a hen's egg. Afterwards pick up the 
rest, not missing one if you can help it. A potato 
as big as a filbert is worth something ; if left in 
the ground, it may become a nuisauee next year. 
Turnips. — Keep free from weeds and stir the 
ground occasionally and the crop will pay you for it. 
Carrots and Beets must be harvested before the 
ground freezes so as to form a stiff crust ; and it is 
best not to risk too much in the hope of a warm, 
moist spell in which they will grow. These should 
sweat also before storing, and though carrots are 
