176 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[May, 
Unfortunately, we often find a rapid destruc- 
tion of lung-tissue, and speedy dissolution. In 
other cases, the general symptoms of hectic or 
consumption attend lingering cases, in which 
the temperature of the body becomes low; the 
animal has a dainty appetite, or refuses all nour- 
ishment. It has a discharge from the eyes, and 
a foetid, sanious discharge from the nose. Not 
imfrequently it coughs up disorganized lung- 
tissue and putrid pus. Great prostration, and 
indeed typhous symptoms set in. There is a 
fcetid diarrhoea, and the animal sinks in the 
most emaciated state, often dying from suffoca- 
tion, in consequence of the complete destruc- 
tion of the structures concerned in respiration. 
Treatment. — Stop all communication with 
the ascertained source of the disease. Do not 
disturb the cows from their byres, or the oxen 
from their stalls, as removing animals from their 
old quarters tends to spread disease, and does 
no good to the cattle. Allow water, feed judi- 
ciously, and give carbonate of ammonia, prepara- 
tions of iron, gentian, or other tonics, sparingly. 
n * — m ^ m i — i ■ 
Horse Hay-Forks, Grapples and Harpoons. 
— • — 
The subject of Horse Hay-Forks has been 
brought prominently before the public in the 
great "Auburn Trial" of mowers and reapers, 
and hay and grain harvesting implements, held 
in July, by the N. T. State Ag'l Society, the re- 
port of which is just published, and recently by 
a trial of some 16 Forks at Rye, under the 
auspices of the American Institute Farmers' 
Club, the report of which appeared in the 
American Agriculturist for April, page 127. 
In common parlance, every thing used to 
pitch hay off a load is called a fork, though 
Fig. 1.— GLADDING HORSE HAY FORK. Fig. 3. 
some have not the remotest resemblance to that 
implement in its normal form. They all, that 
will work at all, present to the farmer the great 
advantage of being able to do this fatiguing 
and lung-trying work by horse-power, and very 
quickly, all, with proper appliances, carrying 
the hay up into the ridge of the roof and along 
to where it maybe wanted. Some are arranged 
expressly for, and sold with these "travelers," 
others with or without the ropes and blocks 
(pulleys) needed in the simplest operations. 
"We observe three very distinct varieties of 
hay pitchers, namely : First, the forks proper, 
illustrated by figures 1 and 3, having long or short 
straight handles, or short handles at right 
angles to the direction of the tines; Second, 
the "grappling forks," or grapples, which are 
like two forks, working together, and grasping 
their load between them, one of these- is shown 
in figure 5, but they vary exceedingly, having 4 
and 4 fingers, or tines, opposed to each other, 3 
and 3, 2 and 2, 1 and 1, 1 and 3, 1 and 2, re- 
spectively; Third, Harpoons, shown in figures 
7 to 14. These are a comparatively new inven- 
tion, and their introduction struck dismay into 
Fig. 3.— THE PALMER FORK. 
the hearts of patentees of some of the good old 
horse-forks, but they are more limited in their 
application than was supposed. The principle 
on which they work is obvious. They are thrust 
perpendicularly into the hay, then opened, ex- 
posing the barbs or shoulders of the head or 
spurs, as a spear or harpoon, which lay hold 
upon the hay when the upward draft comes. 
"When one buys such a tool, he should study 
beforehand what uses 
he wishes to put it to. 
If he pitches chiefly 
timothy and clover 
ha} r , or any long, 
coarse hay, of which, 
he can, without diffi- 
culty, take up heavy 
forkfuls with the 
common pitch fork, 
then let him think 
where he wishes to 
pitch it, if over the 
great beam, or into 
windows from the 
outside, or from the 
barn floor a long way 
back. If he has much 
short, fine hay to 
pitch, he should be aware that the harpoons 
and grapples with few fingers are less adapt- 
ed to do this work than other kinds of forks. 
If he wishes to use his hay fork for loading 
coarse manure, certain kinds are very well 
adapted to this work — and these in turn are 
usually not so rapid at unloading coarse hay as 
others. Loose straw and grain, as oats and bar- 
ley, are best handled by grapples, though the 
true forks manage them very well, and on the 
whole, we think that for definite ends, each kind 
Fig. 4. 
Fig. 6. 
Fig. 5. — THE RAYMOND GRAPPLING FORK. 
of fork has its especial claims upon the farmer. 
Fig. 1 represents the Gladding Fork, as made 
by J. L. Mansfield & Co., Clockville, N, Y., 
price $11. This fork took the first premium at 
the Auburn trial, and is well adapted to all 
common purposes, will take its load over high 
beams into windows, and other narrow places, 
takes up a good load, though not very large, and 
is easily tripped. The rope whereby it is trip- 
ped passes through the han- 
dle, and is attached to the 
catch which holds the head 
in position. The handle be- 
ing hinged upon the cross 
head, when tripped, the head 
drops, depositing its load as 
shown in fig. 2. An iron brace may be and 
is attached, which supports the long handle in 
a nearly horizontal position when not loaded. 
This is a slight modification of one of the orig- 
inal styles of horse fork, which was simply a 
large fork, such as this would be with a fixed 
handle. It was loaded as this is, the man on 
the load holding the handle down by means of 
a cord attached to the 
end, thus balancing the 
load, and when he wish- 
ed, he dropped the hay 
by letting go the cord, 
when the handle would 
fly up. There were 
many objections to this 
form, chiefly obviated 
by the Gladding fork. 
Figures 3 and 4 repre- 
sent the Palmer Fork 
(price $12, with pul- 
leys). This took the first 
prize at the recent Far- 
mers' Club trial. The 
tines are sickle shaped, 
and the short handle 
fixed in the head piece. 
"When the fork enters 
the hay, it is in the posi- 
tion shown in figure 4 ; 
it is loaded by pressing the bail forward or the 
handle backward, so that the hinged-brace be- 
comes straight and rigid, and holds the fork in 
the position shown in figure 3. Thus it is lifted, 
and the load is dropped by drawing upon the 
trip cord, which causes the brace to double up, 
and lets the handle up and the tines down, drop- 
ping their load. This is an excellent and useful 
implement, adapted to all varieties of work, well 
made and easily operated, and is found in most 
well furnished agricultural implement stores. 
Fig. 5 shows Raymond's Grappling Fork, 
made by Chapman, Hawley & Co.,Utiea, N. T. 
(price $30). This implement took the second 
premium at the Auburn trial, and also at the 
Farmers' Club trial. It is loaded by being low- 
ered down upon the hay, and will take up a 
pretty good load if simply lifted, each head 
should, however, be shoved down into the hay, 
which they enter easily. The heads draw to- 
gether when they rise, and the load is dropped 
by drawing the heads apart, by means of the cord 
and lever seen upon one side. The arrange- 
ment of the three pulleys, etc., looks a little 
complicated, but it is easily managed. The 
pulleys may be set at any distance apart, and 
the hay conveyed to the extreme end of the 
barn before it is dumped. This attachment, 
indispensable to this one, is applicable to any 
fork, and enables a single horse to move fork- 
fuls which he otherwise could not lift. This fork 
is said to be especially good for loading manure, 
and it works well in oats, barley and rowen hay. 
Fig. 6 is a clamp or grapple for attaching the 
pulleys to the rafter-s, an exceedingly simple 
Fig. 7. Fig. 8, 
