1867.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
329 
■white wrinkled marrow, three days earlier than 
Alliance, and with larger and better filled pods; 
about 18 inches high. 
Carter's Improved Emperor is very similar to 
Dickson's First and Best; free bearing, and a 
Very excellent stock. 
Sangster's No. 1 and Daniel O'Rourke are 
synonymous. 
Taber's Perfection and Early Perfection 
(Brown) are identical ; a day or two later, and 
producing more haulm than Sangster's No. 1. 
Young's No. 1 (Veitch) is a capital early Pea, 
of about the same earliness as Sangster's No. 1, 
but taller and stronger; a good cropper. The 
ripe seed of a pale olive color ; darker than any 
of the others in the same class. 
Washington is the same as Early Emperor. 
Carpenter's Express is a run-out mixed stock. 
Hooper's Earl}' Rival is a much mixed stock 
of Sangster's No. 1. 
London Conqueror is a third-rate stock of the 
old Early Frame. 
Taber's G8, a shade dwarfer, but is in other 
respect identical with Dickson's Favorite. 
Essex Rival (Eley) is seven to eight days later 
than Sangster's No. 1 ; a large pale-podded 
white marrow, with blotched foliage, about four 
feet, high, of the old Ringwood Marrow class. 
The peas when cooked are of a nice green color; 
it is a ver3 r productive and most excellent pea. 
Sutton's Long-podded Tom Thumb seems 
very much like the Old Spanish Dwarf. 
Carter's Improved Tom Thumb shows no im- 
provement. 
Little Gem (Turner), a blue wrinkled marrow, 
is truly a little gem, coming into use but a few 
clays after Sangster's No. 1, having very large 
pods, very productive, and of excellent quality. 
This can not be too highly recommended. 
Multum in Parvo (Nutting) resembles Little 
Gem, but with somewhat broader pods, and is 
a few days later than that variety." 
•-. — ■ » » — ►-• 
The Garden and the Farm. 
In a somewhat extended journey we have had 
our eyes open to see the farmers' gardens. We 
have seen the poor patches, called gardens, in 
which peas and beans were struggling with 
mustard and other weeds, and, as far as we could 
see, the weeds generally had the best of it. Peas, 
beans, cabbages, cucumbers, beets, squashes, and, 
rarely, tomatoes, make up the usual variety. 
How rarely we see an asparagus bed, while 
spinach, egg plant, salsify, okra, and even sweet 
corn are seldom met with. How a farmer can 
do without asparagus and sweet corn, is beyond 
our comprehension. The one, when once estab- 
lished, will yield for years a supply in early 
spring, just at the time when all green tilings 
are scarce, and therefore the more acceptable ; 
the other, as easily raised as any other corn, 
and no one who has once tasted its delicious 
kernels will ever again go to the field for roast- 
ing ears. We must mention one notable excep- 
tion to this general neglect. Not far from Glen's 
Falls, N. Y., we passed a farm which attracted 
attention from the excellent condition of its 
fences and the neat appearance of its fields. Up- 
on nearing the house, our eyes were delighted 
with the sight of a large and well kept kitchen 
garden, in which there appeared to be an exten- 
sive variety of esculent vegetables. Had it not 
rained torrents, we should have tried to ascer- 
tain the name of this exemplary farmer — we 
know from the looks of his garden that he reads 
the Agriculturist, and we congratulate him and 
his family that the}' can enjoy so many of the 
good things that earth affords to those who will 
take a little trouble to procure them. If farmers 
would grow a few acres less of corn or wheat, 
and devote the labor required for these lo a 
good kitchen garden, it would pay in the saving 
of meat, and doubly pay in the amount of satis- 
faction and contentment it would bring. Farm- 
ers, do you know that the sameness and unat- 
tractiveness of the table has much to do with 
the desire of your sons to leave home? Content- 
ment with daily pork and potatoes, with an 
occasional variation to cabbage, is hardly to be 
expected. A family garden is humanizing. 
Why Transplanted Trees Die. 
" Worth knowing— Transplanting trees. 
— If the Commissioners of the Central Park 
would give strict orders to mark the north side 
of trees witli red chalk before they are taken 
up, and when set out to have the tree put in the 
ground with its north side to the north in its 
natural position, a large proportion would live. 
Ignoring this law of nature is the cause of so 
many transplanted trees dying. If the north 
side is exposed to the south, the heat of the sun 
is too great for that side of the tree to bear, and 
therefore it dries up and decays." 
Those worthy gentlemen who are engaged in 
adorning our Central Park, will be grateful for 
this bit of advice. They have lost a great many 
trees there. They die by the hundred every 
year, and many thousands in all have been lost, 
and all for the want of "a piece of red chalk." 
We quote this as a sample of the " profane and 
old wives' fables" that are circulated in the farm- 
er's column of some of our cotemporaries. The 
assertion that the change of the side of a tree 
from north to south in transplanting affects the 
chances of its living, is without any basis of facts 
sufficient to support it. It may or may not be 
true. We believe it has as little to do with the 
life of a tree as the phase of the moon at the 
time of transplanting, and the assertion is cal- 
culated to do injury by diverting attention from 
the causes which do make new plantations fail- 
ures. These are the loss of too man}' of the fine 
rootlets in taking up the tree, the drying of 
the roots in removal, the want of drainage and 
preparation of the soil, careless handling and 
planting, want of mulching, and the prevalence 
of severe drying winds immediately after plant- 
ing. These evils are not to be remedied by 
a piece of red chalk or the skin of a black cat. 
Horticulture in Indiana. 
We were agreeably surprised in our recent 
visit to see so many evidences of progress in 
this delightful art. Indiana has not only a Slate 
Society with its volume of transactions, but sev- 
eral auxiliary societies in the larger towns, 
which have frequent meetings, and are doing 
much, with fine fruits and flowers, to awaken 
an interest in gardens. The State Society is in 
the sixth year of its existence, and holds two 
sessions annually of several days each, which 
are well attended, and occupied with lively dis- 
cussions. These meetings, reports of which are 
published in the papers, are diffusing a knowl- 
edge of the better varieties of fruit, and encour- 
aging the planting of orchards and vineyards. 
The influence of these discussions is ap- 
parent in all the older parts of the State, 
especially in the suburbs of the large towns. 
The climate and soil of this Slate are favora- 
ble to fruit culture, and nearly all the small 
fruits flourish in the greatest luxuriance, with 
ordinary care. The apple and pear are at home, 
and can be raised in any desired quantities. 
Apples are abundant this season throughout the 
State. We saw but one orchard that had any 
appearance of disease, or was not well filled 
with fruit, if it had reached bearing age. There 
are many young orchards a few years out, or 
just planted, that are looking in perfect health. 
Pears are not as extensively planted, but flour- 
ish quite as well, and in the opinion of agentle- 
mau of large experience, doquile as well as the 
apple, and bear with more uniformity. Grapes 
are cultivated to some extent, and many in the 
vicinity of the cities are planting vineyards. 
The Concord is unquestionably the most popu- 
lar grape in the State, and the vines that have 
been planted are now so generally in beating 
condition, that fruit growers understand where- 
of they affirm. The Hartford Prolific, stands 
next, but drops its berries from the bunch. 
The Delaware and Rebecca are superb, but are 
poor growers. We found one fruit grower who 
cultivated the hitter in the shade, to prevent it 
from casting its leaves, a calamity to which it 
is exceedingly liable. The newer varieties are 
in cultivation, and their merits for the climate 
and soil of the State will soon be decided. 
They have a flourishing local Society at Terre 
Haute, of which Hon. D. II. Scott is President ; 
also at Laporte, of which Hon. A. L. Osborne 
is President. Monroe, Indianapolis, Danville, 
Plainfield, Bridgeport, and Fort Wayne, also 
have flourishing horticultural societies. 
Notes on Grapes and Grape Culture. 
So much was said last year about grapes that 
we have but little to add upon the subject until 
the season of ripening shall have given us more 
knowledge concerning the merits or demerits of 
varieties. Many of our contemporaries have 
opened their columns to a lively discussion of 
the award of the Greeley Grape Prize, and as 
about an equal amount of abuse has character- 
ized both sides of the dispute, we assume that 
the account is square. It seems- to us that no 
good can come from the further agitation of this 
subject,fornoone, with even a limited knowledge 
of fruits, would expect to find any one variety 
of any fruit that will be the best in every local- 
ity. The mistake was not so much in the award 
of the Committee, as that they should consent 
to act at all upon so impracticable a proposition. 
As we write, (early in August,) we hear some 
accounts of mildew and rot, and in some local- 
ities the Concord, which is usually free from 
disease, has rotted and dropped badly. In the 
only case of this which has come under our 
observation, the vines were not closely pinched, 
but allowed to keep on growing; while in those 
places where the vines were systemal ically prun- 
ed, and the laterals pinched, no rot was visible. 
We believe that the early establishment of a 
strong and robust foliage, by pinching the bear 
ing shoot at three or four leaves beyond the last 
bunch of grapes, and persistently pinching back 
the laterals, has much to do with the vigor of 
the vine, and its ability to resist rot and mildew. 
We cannot learn that it has caused much 
trouble where sulphur and other remedies were 
promptly applied. One of our editors, finding 
that mildew had appeared upon his vines, follow- 
ed the suggestion of Mr. Lazaris, of Athens, 
Grecce,wbieh was published in the Agriculturist, 
for August, 1SGG. Mr. L. proposed the use of 
dry clay or any other fine dust, as a substitute for 
sulphur. lie considered that when used in the 
open air, sulphur acted merely as an absorbent 
of moisture, and if Ibis were the case, any other 
