34:6 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[OCTOBER, 
Two Months for Nothing 
AH new subscribers to the American Agriculturist whose 
names are received during the month of October for the 
year 18CS, Trill receive the paper for tlie ]ast 
two uiontlis of tills year FEES, This offer 
applies to all new subscribers received in October, whether 
single names or members of clubs. Tims, $1.50 sent -us 
now will secure one copy of tlie Agriculturist for 14 
months, {November 1867 to December 1868 inclusive ) / $5 
will pay for four copies for the same time, and so of all 
our club rates. iV. B.—This offer is only for October, ex- 
cept for names from the Pacific Coast, and other points 
too distant to respond by tlie close of the month. 
Contents for October, 1867. 
Apples — American Pomology : 368 
Bam Plan for a Small Farm 3 Illustrations . .361 
Bear— The Cinnamon Illustrated. . 359 
Bees — Apiary for October 34S 
Boys 1 and Girls 1 Columns — Perpetnal Motion — Eats — 
A "Wonderful Pump — Use Plain "Words — New Pnz- 
zles to "be Answered — Answers to Problems and 
Puzzles — The Catacombs — The Loving Sister — Seri- 
ous Disturbance 5 Illustrations. . 373-374 
Cows— How Long to Milk 361 
Dog Tax— Income from, in England 364 
Draining — Use of Plow in 360 
Earth Closets ys. Water Closets 360 
Editorial Jottings in Europe 357 
Fairs in October 349 
Farm Work in October 346 
Flower Garden and Lawn in October 347 
Fowls— French Prize 2 Illustrations. .362 
Fruit Garden in October 347 
Garden— Kitchen, in October 347 
Grapery— Cold, in October 348 
Grapes and Grape Culture— Notes on.. 365 
Green and Hot-houses in October , 348 
Harvesting Com 362 
Household Department — Household Ornaments — War- 
dian Cases — Leaves from the Diary of a Toung 
Housekeeper, No. X — Leaves from My Journal, No. 
VTTI — Recipes 3 Illustrations.. 371-372 
Ichneumon Flies 2 Ittitstrations . .370 
Improvement of Land by Grazing 360 
Market Gardening at the South 367 
Market Reports 348 
Milking Stool Illustrated . .364 
Mixing of Varieties 368 
Nursery Trees — Packing of 2 Illustrations . .365 
New Fruits and New Names 369 
Orchard and Nursery in October 347 
Orchids— A Group of Illustrated. .365-366 
Osage Orange Hedge Illustrated.. 364 
Partridges Illustrated . . 345 
Premiums — Descriptive List of 353-356 
Saner Kraut 3 Illustrations. .364 
Seal — The Common Illustrated. . 359 
Silk Worms— New 4 Illustrations. . 363 
Spring-flowering Bulbs— The Scillas Illustrated.. 370 
Storing Root Crops 364 
"Walks and Talks on the Farm— No. 46— Drouth at 
the West — Land Occupied by Fences — More Capital 
in Farming — How Does Fanning Pay ? — Plow- 
points— Flint's Work on Grasses 357-35S 
"Wine-Making on a Small Scale 369 
Winter Quarters for House Plants 3 Illustrations. . 367 
"Wom-Ont Lands— Remedy for 364 
INDEX TO "BASKET 11 OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
Abattoirs at Paris 
Advertisements, Good. . . 
Am. Agricult. Removed. 
Annuals 
Apples in England 
Birds and Fowls 
Blackberry, Kittatinny.. 
Black Caps from Seed... 
Boulevard Skirt 
Climate, Influence of — 
Clover in Illinois 
Clover, Pasturing. 
Clover. Red and White.. 
Conn. Board Agriculture 
Damp Houses 
Documents Received — 
Draining for Profit 
Egg Hatchers 
Egyptian Corn 
Entomology, Glover's... 
Fair Am. Institute 
Fair, New England 
Farmers 1 Club 
Feed Cutters 
Grapes at Pittsburgh 
Grasses Named 
Gray's Botany 
350 Hams, Cooking 352 
352 Investing Money 352 
349 L'lllustration Hbrticole. .351 
351 Mosqnitos in Troughs. . .351 
352 Nursery Advantages 352 
350 Osage Orange Tree 351 
350 Ox-Bows and Yokes . ... 351 
350 Pages Increased 352 
352 Pelargonium, Double 350 
351 Pickling Cucumbers 351 
330 Plants, 'Grand Old 350 
349 Plants, Gray Foliage. ... 350 
350 Plants Named 351 
.351 Plaster, Use of 352 
351 Pomological Soc, Am. . .352 
352 Ponltry'Disease 350 
352 Raspberry, Miami 350 
350 Revue Horticole 351 
352 Salmon Fisheries 351 
351 Seed Store, Bliss 1 352 
352 Shad, Hatching 351 
352 Strawberry, One-leaved. .350 
352 Sunshine and Showers.. 351 
352, Toad Flax 351 
332! Vegetable World 351 
350jWine House 351 
85l' 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW-YORK, OCTOBER, 1S67. 
October is pre-eminently the month for Agricul- 
tural Fairs. We hope all our readers will be able 
to visit one or more. The problem with many a 
farmer will be how to get ahead with work enough 
to enjoy the few days spent away from the farm. 
To accomplish this — prepare for three or four rainy 
days, and then noting down, clearly, directions for 
your hands to follow, rain or shine, throw the re- 
sponsibility of good work and diligence upon their 
honor, and leave. — They will not disappoint you. 
Make a pencil memorandum of every thing you 
see, or hint you get, which may be of future use, 
not as a newspaper reporter jots down everything, 
but classify what is seen. Some things you can af- 
ford to buy at once, others you wish to inquire 
about. Some tools are better than you now use, 
and when yours are worn out, you will be glad to 
remember where they may be bought. So there 
will be knowledge and useful ideas in a perfect 
stream flowing into the mind, and your memoran- 
dum book may catch a great portion if you will. 
No weeds should be cut in dry weather. Clean 
culture is every man's theory. After a wet season 
like that experienced along the Atlantic Coast, 
practice and theory do not agree very well. Almost 
every farmer will need to mow and burn some 
weeds. In wet weather the seeds will shell out 
but little. In dry weather many hedge rows may 
be burned without cutting. Any use of fire is at- 
tended with danger. Take care lest it gets into the 
grass, or into the woods, or burns beyond control. 
A high wind may spring up without warning. 
Feed the land well, and it will feed you. Manure 
will not run to waste on most soils ; but for all 
our common crops, except corn, it is an advantage 
to have it several months in the soil. It becomes 
more easily assimilable by the plant, and, besides, 
influences decompositions, which increase the 
amount of plant food yielded by the soil itself. 
Feed stock well. Reduce the amount of live 
stock to a winter footing as soon as possible. If 
pasturage is suddenly cut off, a large number of an- 
imals will be rushed into market and prices will 
fall. Stock taken up in good flesh are half wintered, 
and such animals are not on overstocked pastures. 
Mints Altout Worlf. 
Buildings. — Certain repairs ought to be done be- 
fore frost, such as require work upon walls, and 
cement floors, etc., brick laving or plastering. If 
such work is not greatly needed for the comfort 
of the family or one's stock, we advise delaying 
until spring, for it will be rare good luck if it has 
not all to be done over next season. Done after 
this month it will hardly stand at all. 
Cement Cisterns may be set if below the reach of 
frost. Bring water to the house for the comfort 
and convenience of housekeepers and servants. 
Fences. — Poor fences are a temptation to cattle, 
and induce bad habits. Look especially to those 
around grain fields, which will be attractive. 
Fattening Animals of all kinds lay on flesh very 
rapidly as the weather grows cooler. Keep beeves 
and sheep in pasture as long as the feed is good, 
but yard them at night, and feed twice a day with 
grain, if they are to be marketed soon ; otherwise 
simply feed so as to be sure they are constantly 
gaiuiug. Pigs should have cooked food, and plenty 
of it. Push forward their fattening as rapidly as 
possible, for at no season will they gain faster. 
Keep them clean and give warm sheltered nests. 
Poultry also gain very rapidly, and it is best 
to fatten them on scalded meal, with corn, 
wheat screenings, and other food in addition, at 
daylight in the morning, and late in the afternoon. 
"Store" Animals and Young Stock often get 
poor usage and no attention till snowfalls, and the 
ground freezes solid, or the pastures give out, so 
that they begin the winter scrawny and down in 
flesh. This is very poor policy. If the stock must 
be half fed before spring, let it be at the close of 
the season. Perishable fodder, such as pumpkins, 
soft corn, common turnips, should be provided in 
abundance, so that the "stores" and young ani- 
mals can lay on a good stock of flesh, if not fat. 
Animals in good condition proverbially winter 
much more easily than thin ones. 
Coics and Butter. — Fall butter may be nearly as 
good as that made in June. As the pastures fail, 
feed a little grain, with turnips and pumpkins, re- 
moving the seeds, which act on the kidneys and 
almost uniformly decrease the flow of milk. 
Sheep. — The present is often tlie most favorable 
time to secure a stock of sheep for fattening, 
though from the number of sheep marketed iu Au- 
gust, it is possible that prices may be higher than 
usual in proportion. Still, sheep for this purpose 
should be bought early, while they will have the 
benefit of several weeks 1 feeding. Select those in 
good condition. Provision should be made this 
month for market lambs to be dropped in March, 
by crossing a good mutton ram with hardy, good 
constitutioned ewes. The lambs of such will be 
strong, grow quickly, and fatten easily. The ewe's 
time of gestation averages 152 days. 
Boots.— Beets, mangels, and carrots, may be dug 
as soon as the tops show that there is no longer 
vigorous growth ; at all events, before severe freez- 
ing. Preserve in cellars, after topping, drying, and 
laying iu heaps, protected by the tops or bagging, 
a few days, to sweat. If not stored in cellars, put 
them in dry trenches covered with straw, and bank- 
ed over with earth. Cabbages may be preserved in 
the same way. Rutabagas and turnips may stand 
out longer, but not until the ground freezes. The 
tops of all these roots are worth feeding to stock. 
Grain. — Sow Rye throughout the month, wheat 
in the early part only, soaking in strong brine to 
prevent smut, and dry by rolling in lime. 
Manure.— Apply, and plow under for spring crops ; 
and dig muck for use in the yards and stables as 
an absorbent, or get out as much as possible to be 
pulverized and ameliorated by the frosts of winter. 
Flowing done at this season costs usually about 
two-thirds as much as if done in April and May, 
and on stiff soils for all crops except corn is just 
as good, or better. . In ordinary shallow plow- 
ing, turn sod ground over flat. If in breaking up 
you plow eight or ten inches deep with the single 
plow-, it makes little or no difference whether flat 
or lap furrows are turned, as the sod will probably 
be well covered, and thus rot thoroughly. 
Corn.- — See article on page 362. After the grain 
is cured, husk it, and bind the stalks in small bun- 
dles. They cure most rapidly when set up in two 
double rows leaning against poles held in crotched 
stakes, about 3}{ feet high. The poles should ran 
north and south, that the bundles may be better 
exposed to the sun. "When dry, stack, protectunder 
straw-sheds or barracks, or bring into the barn. 
Timber. — Cut for building purposes, for fence 
posts, rails, etc., and for whatever purpose dura- 
bility is required, and lay it up for seasoning. 
Water. — Bring water to house and barn by pumps 
or by pipes from springs. The pipes must be sunk be- 
low freezing, and the pump or spout also protected. 
Sorghum. — Strip, top, and cut that not cut last 
month. Haul at once to themill, and have it ground 
as soon as possible. Do not strip or top before 
cutting, and when cut, bind with two strong bands 
in bundles of a size for easy handling. The leaves 
and suckers are good fodder; the seed may be 
ground and fed to sheep, swine, or cattle. 
Soiling Crops. — Sow both wheat and rye for soil- 
ing in the spring. The land should be dry and well 
covered with manure; plow deeply, cross-plow, 
and harrow in nearly twice the quantity of seed — 
say 2 bushels of rye and 2}{ to 3 bushels of wheat. 
The wheat should be sown first, and that early in 
the month ; in fitness for cutting it will be fully 
two weeks later than the rye. One square rod per 
day to each cow is the common rule. It is a very 
liberal one, if no failures occur. Very late sowed 
rye does well to follow that sowed eJrly, but is not 
so good as wheat, which excels in amount of leaf 
and sweetness. 
