Reviews a7id Extracts. 21 
The produce in 1826 would have heen still greater, but for a sharp frost which 
almost destroyed the whole of the promised crop. I believe tiiat £300 out of 
£3G0 received for apples in 1827 was for Hawthorndeans, tlie remuiuder was 
received for gooseberries and currants. A piece of ground containing' ratlier less 
than an acre, which was occupied exclusively by Hawthorndeans, produced £80, 
besides growing an excellent crop of potatoes, followed by turnips. The average 
price for which the apples were sold, was only 4s. 6d. per bushel. The trees 
were rather weak in 1828, from over-bearing- the preceding year: — in 1829, the 
weather was wet, cold, and stormy The ground has since been under-let to a te- 
nant who pays a rent amply remunerating the planter for liis outlay, and at the same 
time, aftbrding- a means of respectable livelihood to a worthy and industrious man, 
who I hope will in some one year not far distant, receive £1000 for his fruit." 
4. — Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, 8vo. 
No. 13, FOB May, 1831, — contains an article, 
Vii Pruning Forest Trees. By Mb. Gavin Cbee, Nurseryman, Biggin. 
After some preliminary observations on the evils consequent on bad pruning, and 
stating his views of the reaction of the sap and manner of vegetation in spring, 
Mr. Cree says, that " to manage woods properly, young trees should be examined 
the third year after they are planted ; and if more than one leading shoot is 
found to exist, the best one sliould be selected, and the others shortened to one half 
the length of the selected shoot. This practice of examining the trees should be 
continued every year, until they are about 15 feet high. These shortenings, 
however, should not be confined to superfluous leading shoots, but should include 
any branch whicli is gaining a disproportionate ascendancy over other branches 
of the same year's growth; and as trees produce only one regular tier of branches 
in each year, any branch should be shortened which is of greater length than the 
majority of the branches of the same tier, or if the whole are too long they must 
all be shortened. In the case of trees intended for timber, after they are at and 
above 15 feet high, this rule of shortening the branches must also be applied to the 
undermost tiers of branches. After the trees are 15 feet high, the undermost tier 
of branches only should all be cut off close to the stem, in one year ; in the sub- 
sequent year, another tier should in like manner be cut off, and so on every year 
afterwards, always cutting off only a single tier in one year. The same process of 
shortening the branches is always to be continued as before directed, but must be 
left oft' some years before the cutting off the branches shall be discontinued, 
so as to give a more extended top to the tree ; for all trees that have naturally 
conical heads, such as the willow, poplar, larch, silver and spruce fir, require 
longer heads than those trees which are of a spreading nattire, such as the oak, 
beech, and others. But no branch, wherever it be situated, is be to cut oft' close to 
the stem, luitil such branch stands upon the undermost tier. In this mode of 
shortening the branches, it will be seen that the tree will at all times present a 
head of nearly a conical form; and advantage should always be taken of short- 
ening such branches as will balance the tree best, and produce the proper .s'nape of 
the top." 
Having stated the size the tree ought to be when the "shortening and cutting 
off' the branches'" should commence, Mr. Cree goes on to show, how long it ought 
to be continued, or in other words, what proportion the head of a tree ought fo 
bear to tho trunk ; he supposes the tree " to have 12 tiers of branches, or be 13 
years old, it is evident," he says, "that for a number of years to coine, by only 
taking oft' one tier in a year, the part of the tree covered willi brandies will be 
