20 Reviews and Extracts* 
gnaw oft" the bark 5 or cattle, whicli break them down altogether. The orchard, 
or fruit-gTOund, 1 propose to the small farmer, is a very different affair from the 
stragg-ling- sort of thing-, which 1 have before attempted to describe. The acre of 
orchard I recommend, shall be an acre of g-ronnd planted with fruit-trees, and not 
an acre of inferior pasture or meadow, with here and there a straggling' old tree. 
They should be planted in rows, 5| yards apart, and 1 1 feet from tree to tree in 
the rows; and if, after the lapse of years, they are found too close, 120 of them 
may be removed. The sorts recommended for planting, are — 
120 Hawthorn Dean, or Hawthorndcn, 
20 Keswick Codlin, 
20 Nonsuch, 
20 Fames Pippin, 
20 French Crab, 
20 Ribstone Pippin, 
20 Scarlet Nonpareil, 
makino- in the whole 240, to be planted on an acre,'' he also particularly recom- 
mends the purchaser to be careful that the roots are cut as little as possible. After 
giving a description of the fruits he before named, he states, that the Hawthorn- 
dean, the Keswick Codlin, and the Nonsuch, should be half standards, or such as 
form their heads about three feet from the ground, because the weight of the fruit 
is apt to bend the branches so low, that it is necessary if dwarfs, to cut the health- 
ful bearinn- wood away, to keep them from the ground. When the trees are 
planted, he recommends cutting down about half the head; and in the spring-, 
forkino--in a little well rotted dung- about the roots; and as there will be consider- 
able ground to spare while the trees are small, on this spare ground he plants 240 
gooseberries and currants, and 2 feet from the lines of apple trees, on each side, is 
to be occupied by potatoes, onions, tui-nips, French-beans, peas, &c. — but to avoid 
cabbages, parsnips, or carrots ; strawberries might be introduced, provided they 
were not allowed to stand alx)ve two years without a removal. The most impor- 
taiitquestion of all comes next, which isexpense ; — well, Mr. Reed proceeds, the 
labour of trenching the acre two spit deep with a spade, would in most parts be 
worth £6; trench-ploughing the same twice over, would perhaps be £2. 10s. to £3; 
and by the third plan the expense would not exceed £2 5s , if only a single deep 
plouohino- were had. If the depth of the soil will allow it, that is, if the sur- 
face soil would not be materially injured by such admixture vrith the sub.soil as 
trench-ploughing twice would occasion, he thinks it the best plan of the three; in 
"either case all the expense of working the land cannot in fairness be charged to the 
trees. ^- '- ''■ 
The cost of preparing the ground is assumed to be 2 
240 Apple Trees at iVZ. each, 9 
240 Gooseberries and Currants, 10 
Planting and contingencies, 10 
"I do not wish however," says the writer, "to lead or mislead others by prophe- 
syino- what may or will be the results : I have shown the cost, and 1 will now state 
what have been the returns from 10 acres planted in a similar manner bj myself, in 
the snrinc- and a\itiimn of 1822 ; — the fruit alone has .produced as follows, viz : — 
1823, 000 
1821, 13 
1825, 65 
i^^JO 103 
1827i 412 
Ig^s' 265 
IS-"?*)' 261 
