On Traininci Fruit Trees. 
483 
such a method both sides are sacrificed to furnish a plentiful crop only 
upon the one, for as soon as the pendant shoote brought over begin 
to produce fruit, the originals upon the opposite side become nearly 
barren. By re-turning each tree, as tnay be said, upon its own stem, 
as figure 80, every wall, or any part of a wall, buttress, pillar, &c., 
can be simply made productive, and then very easily continued so, by 
the above method, if only one, two, or three pendant branches can 
be brought down. 
It is not the least, of the many important purposes to which the 
regular pendant forms of training is convertable, that of furnishing 
low walls or pailings, corners, or jets of walls, with fruitful wood; 
and such places in which it would be idle to plant a tree in the usual 
manner, as they would soon run to luxuriant and barren wood. 
By training one shoot upwards to the intended height, so as to form 
the stem, and then re-turn the leader carefully upon its stem; and if 
only room for that one shoot, by continuing it downwards to within 
about a foot of the bottom, and by a judicious encouragement of fruit 
spurs, it can be readily kept in a fruit-bearing state for any length of 
time, by suffering all, the luxuriant wood to be thrown off at the top, 
as d, (fig. 80.) The superfluous juices from the horizontals, (fig. 
79 as well as fig. 80) can be carried off by the same means, so as to 
keep them in a bearing state. 
The following figure, (81) is the representation of one of my old 
horizontal trained trees, all of which I was reducing, as represented, 
(previous to my quitting Shobdon-Court, last May tr/elve-months) 
to ray pendant method ; — some by inverse grafting, at equal distances, 
upon the under sides of the top branches, where the sorts are indif- 
ferent; and where they are good I turn down the best placed side- 
shoots, at equal distances, as shown in the following figure, and in 
fegure 80. 
81 
It is a sufficient objection to the so much extolled French method 
of training "en quenouille," and that of the "upwards spiral" forms, 
that such methods can remain but a short time very productive, espe- 
cially if upon free-growing stocks, from the necessity of confining the 
head, and whilst all the top is so much inclined to the perpendiculat , 
