534 TRAINING PEACHES AND NECTARINES. 
since the last shortening are cut in to a bud from where they were 
last shortened ; this will rarely require to be repeated after the 
stoning of the fruit is perfected. The lowest shoot on the branch is 
still allowed to grow unmolested. Whatever shoots remain they are 
to be secured to the wall as soon as required, in order to have them 
pro23erly inclined for future furnishing the tree. When a tree is not 
very vigorous, about the middle of September the shoots, which were 
permitted to go at length at the last regulation, are now shortened back 
to about where it is intended to prune to at the winter regulation. 
This cutting in of the shoots will not cause any confusion by the 
production of young sprays, very few being rarely produced 
after this advanced period of the season, unless the tree be very 
luxuriant, in which case I should omit the cutting in, as it would, if 
performed, cause the production of a quantity of weak spray, whicli 
would crowd and otherwise injure the tree. This evil would also 
result from cutting in the shoots of a tree of desirable vigour, if done 
much earlier in summer. 
At the end of September the leaves are cut, taking away about 
one-half of each leaf; this admits the light and heat to the shoots, 
and contributes to the perfecting of fruitful buds. Where there are 
flued walls they may be used to advantage, in cloudy wet summers, 
by applying heat for a few weeks at the end of September or in 
October. 
The system of cutting in the young shoots during summer, that 
are to bear fruit the following year, has been practised upon mode- 
rate growing trees for more than thirty-five years by my father, and 
was first described to the public in his Treatise on Fruit-trees in 1823. 
Since that time, I have applied it to all the trees of this class, at 
this place, with perfect success ; and I am aware that it has been 
adopted by a great many persons in Yorkshire with equal success. 
It not only ensures us a certainty of bearing wood for each following 
year, but it greatly assists the fruit in bringing it to a much finer 
size than otherwise would be the result. 
Winter Regulation. The attention given to the trees during 
spring and summer, according to the foregoing directions, renders it 
quite unnecessary for any extensive cutting the trees at this season. 
This is of decided advantage to the trees, for all severe cutting of 
them in winter is very injurious, and the more extensive the per- 
formance the greater the proportionate derangement of the tree in 
its system is the consequence. 
It has been my uniform practice so to regulate and prune the trees 
under my care during their growing seasons, that very little has to 
