IMPROVED HOT WATER APPARATUS. 587 
If there be no aperture in the pipe, some other means may be 
adopted, either to pkinge the thermometer into the water of the pipe, 
or perhaps some of your readers may favour you with a plan of pla- 
cing it some other vvay, so as to obtain the correct heat. 
My house is 24 feet long, 14 feet wide, and 12 feet high at the 
back. There are two fire places, one at each end, as will be seen by 
figure 103 (ab.) (A) is in perspective to show it more clearly ; b is 
only a section, both fire places are of the same size. (1) is a sliding 
door, at which the fire is sujjplied with coals ; (2) an inclined plane 
* two feet six inches long, and fifteen inches broad, made of cast iron ; 
(3) is the grate fifteen inches by twelve ; the ashes fall through at (4) 
as fast as they are made, all the coals sliding down to the grate as they 
burn; it therefore is of no consequence whether the grate be entirely 
immoveable or not. The greater part of the smoke also is converted 
into heat, by being com2Delled to pass over the flames arising from 
the fire on the gi-ate, in its road to the flue ; (5) is a single pipe three 
inches diameter inside, which passes under the bark Pit ; (6) a small 
return pipe about an inch diameter inside measure; (7) the Connec- 
tor, which acts for all the pipes, as never more than one fire is in 
use at one time. My chief reason for having two fire places is for 
trying experiments to prove the difference of the two systems ; for, 
when the fire is burning, the water has to rise into the pipes placed 
on the top of the flue, and passes round through pipe (5.) The two 
pipes (8 8) are twenty-one inches long, and one and a half inches 
diameter inside; the two pipes (10 10) are eight feet long, and three 
inches diameter inside ; the pipes (11 11) are two feet long, and one 
inch diameter inside ; the two Connectors are two and a half inches 
by four and a half square. (C) is a reservoir for supplying the pipes 
with water, as it wastes, through a small hole, about the size of a 
quill, having a plug in it, which prevents an increase of steam, but 
does not prevent the water from dropping into the reservoir ; also, if 
the strokes are increased above six inches, and the water thrown over 
at (13) it is caught in this reservoir, and thus enters again into the 
jnpes. The top (12) is closed, six inches being allowed from the 
pipe (10) to the top. 
The following are tables showing the diflferent degi'ees of heat the 
water attained, taken twelve feet from the fire, no fire having been in 
during the day. April loth, fire made at seven o'clock in the even- 
ing in the fire-place (a.) The thermometer stood at 83 ; in twentv 
minutes after the fire was kindled, the heat rose to 120 degrees ; in 
twenty -five minutes, 132 degrees; 30 minutes, 150 degrees; 35 mi- 
nutes, 170 degrees; 40 minutes, 188 degrees; 45 minutes, 212. The 
