CONIFERS. THE PINUS, OR PINE TREE. 
81 
the garden of the Horticultural Society, Chis- 
wick. 
P. s. intermedia, Horticultural Society. — 
Leaves long, green ; branches slender, droop- 
ing. A rather distinct variety. A specimen 
stands in the Horticultural Society's Garden 
at C his wick. 
P. s. tortuosa, Don of Forfar. — Leaves 
short, twisted, resembling P. austriaca, and 
growing to the height of P. sylvestris 
vulgaris. 
Other varieties might be mentioned, but 
when the plants are compared with the fore- 
going, the difference is hard indeed to be 
detected. Thus P. genevensis is the common- 
est kind of Scotch fir. P. s. scariosa has 
gone back to the original ; and it is very 
doubtful if P. s. altissima is anything more 
than a vigorous growing plant of the same 
tree. 
Pinus pumilio, Henke (dwarf or Moun- 
tain Pine). — Leaves two, almost straight, short, 
thickly set on the branches, and deeply 
sheathed. Cones egg-shaped, without foot- 
stalks, truncate, or with blunt scales somewhat 
depressed, small, many of them bearing a 
striking resemblance to those of P. sylvestris 
horizontalis, or the red-wooded pine of the 
mountains of Scotland. 
A curious ornamental plant, scarcely entitled 
to be considered as a tree, originally from the 
mountains of France and Germany, whence 
it was introduced into this country in 1780. 
The tree has a* decumbent or trailing habit, 
which still distinguishes the original plant 
which stands at Orford Hall, near Warring- 
ton, in Lancashire. Of its wood no evidence is 
yet on record ; but from its bushy habit, it may 
be judged that it will never, in this respect, 
take the place of other well known varieties, 
and that it will be retained in plantations 
merely as a botanical curiosity. The outline of 
this pine might be greatly improved by close 
planting ; but it is constitutionally deficient 
in all those points necessary to form a good 
timber tree. It has been planted in several 
places in the north of Scotland; and the result 
is, that in the most exposed situations the 
plants are distinguished by a greater luxuri- 
ance of growth, and an intenser colour. This 
would indicate a favourable point in its cha- 
racter as adapted to high unsheltered places, 
and probably to the sea-side. The largest 
specimens in England are at White Knights, 
where they assume a tree-like form, chiefly on 
account of their having been drawn up 
amongst others. 
Varieties. — P.p. Fucheri, Booth, Lawson. 
—A plant raised by Mr. Booth, of the Flott- 
beck nurseries, in 1826, from seeds received 
from Philadelphia ; but by no means worthy 
of being separated from the species. Sped- 
48. 
mens are in the Hackney nursery, and in the 
arboretum of the Horticultural Society. 
P. p. rubratflora. — Another nominal va- 
riety, having the flowers of a pinkish or red 
colour, the only respect in which it differs 
from the species. A specimen at Dropmore, 
is fifteen feet high, covering a space upwards 
of sixty feet in circumference. 
Pinus Mugho, Du Hamel (Mugho Wild 
Pine). Leaves, two in a sheath, rigid and of 
a deep green. The male flowered catkins are 
nearly sessile. The ripe cones are rather 
larger than those of P. sylvestris, and their 
scales are swelled into well-defined protube- 
rances. The young buds are of a light brown 
colour, beautifully candied over with resinous 
exudation, which has the appearance of hav- 
ing been dropped. The leaves are more 
thickly distributed over the branches than in 
the Scotch pine ; yet it altogether bears such 
a close resemblance to that tree, that many 
botanists have considered it only as a variety. 
Few or perhaps none of our pine trees is sup- 
plied with resinous matter in such abundance, 
yet, from its dwarfish habit in very exposed 
situations, and on account of its comparatively 
small proportions, it is not likely to supersede 
others in the manufacture of tar, turpentine, 
&c. It is found indigenous in several dis- 
tricts of Germany, particularly on the Carin- 
thian and Carniolan mountains, also on the 
Pyrenees. Its cones are ripe at the same 
time as those of the P. sylvestris, and the 
directions given for extracting and sowing the 
seeds of that tree apply in every respect to 
the present species. The tree appears to 
delight in a deep sandy loam, several plants 
in the writer's nursery ground having made 
shoots, during the last season, eighteen inches 
in length. Some care is necessary in order 
that the young plants should be all started 
with a good leading shoot, the habit of the 
tree predisposing it to throw out vigorous 
side branches. Its timber is represented as 
rather inferior to that of the P. sylvestris. 
Varieties. — P. M. uncinata (hooked 
Mugho Pine). — A variety bearing a good deal 
of resemblance to the species. More compact 
in habit, and of quicker growth. A native of 
the Pyrenees and other European mountains, 
affecting a higher zone of vegetation than the 
Scotch pine, and producing timber of greater 
durability. Whether it will bear out this 
character away from its native mountains is 
very questionable. As to its hardiness there 
is little doubt, for at Rozelle, in Ayrshire, it 
has been tried extensively in valleys, slopes of 
hills, and on the tops of mountains, the last 
situation suiting it better than any other. 
" Those exposed to a good deal of storm," 
Mr. Locke observes, " are in reality greenest 
upon the stormy 6ide, and are thriving well, 
