BOTANICAL TERMS. 
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stem, as distinguished from the smaller ramifi- 
cations, or twigs. 
Branchlets ; same as twigs ; the smaller 
ramifications of the branches. 
Branched (ramosus) ; divided into many- 
branches. 
Brindilles ; the twigs, or branchlets of the 
stem ; same as ramuli. 
Bulbo-tuber ; a term applied to the cormus; 
which is also sometimes called bulbo-solklus. 
Bulbilli ; little bulbs borne on the stems of 
some plants, as in some kinds of lilies. 
Bulbs; distinguished by Linnaeus as leaf- 
buds of the roots, which conveys a good idea 
of their nature ; they contain the embryo of a 
stem, surrounded by imbricated scales, the 
outer of which are membranous, and cohere 
into a covering, as in the onion, or consist of 
distinct and separate pieces, as in the lily. 
Calamus; a term applied to fistulous sim- 
ple stems without articulations, such as those 
of rushes. 
Cambium; amucous viscid secretion found be- 
tween the bark and the wood ; the elaborated sap. 
Caudex ; the trunk, or principal stem ; ap- 
plied chiefly to that of a tree. 
Cauliculi ; small stems produced from buds 
at the neck of a plant, without the previous 
production of a leaf. 
Caulis ; a term applied to the stem. 
Cellular integument ; the epidermis, or 
scarf-skin. 
Chalumeau ; a French term for calamus. 
Climbing stem ; a stem which elevates it- 
self by clinging to surrounding bodies, by 
means of roots or tendrils which it produces. 
Cloves; small bulbs developed from the 
axils of the scales of larger ones. 
Coarcture ; a term applied to the collet. 
Collet, collum; the line of division between 
the root and stem ; the neck. 
Coma ; the assemblage of branches forming 
the head of a forest tree. 
Corm {cormus); a solid fleshy depressed 
subterranean stem ; often considered to be a 
root, though this is an erroneous application ; 
the fleshy base of the crocus is a corm. 
Cortical ; of or belonging to the bark. 
Corticate (corticatus) ; harder externally 
than internally ; resembling bark. 
Corymbose {co7-ymbosus) ; arranged like a 
corymb, which term is more usually applied to 
the arrangement of the flowers. 
Creeping stem (sobole) ; a slender hori- 
zontal under-ground stem, emitting roots, and 
young plants at intervals ; the couch grass 
(or quitch-grass of some) is an example far too 
familiar of this kind of stem. 
Culm (culmus) ; the stem of grasses and 
allied plants ; the straw of wheat and other 
corn plants will furnish illustrations ; the 
culm is hollow, and jointed. 
Decorticate ; to divest of bark. 
Dichotomous (dichotomus) ; divided always 
in pairs ; that is to say, forked with two 
prongs : many stems branch in this way. 
Dumose (dumosus) ; low, and much 
branched, applied to shrubby plants of this 
particular habit. 
Duramen ; the heart Avood of trees ; it 
becomes harder and deeper coloured ; in some 
trees, as in the oak, it becomes of a deep 
brown, and in the ebony quite black. 
Endogenous ; growing by additions to the 
interior : endogenous stems have neither the 
pith, bark, medullary rays, nor wood distin- 
guishable, but all are irregularly arranged. 
Monocotyledonous plants produce endogenous 
stems : the stems of palms afford an illustra- 
tion. 
Epidermis ; the exterior coating of cellular 
substance ; the cuticle or cellular integument. 
Enodis; applied to stems which are alto- 
gether without joints. 
Excoriate; to divest of the bark or skin. 
Exogenous ; growing by additions to the 
exterior ; an exogenous stem consists of bark, 
wood, pith, and medullary rays, all more or 
less obvious and distinguishable. All our 
timber trees are of this mode of growth. 
Plants having this description of stem, are 
analogous to dicotyledons. 
Fiagellum ; a trailing shoot, such as that of 
the vine. 
Gemmae ; leaf buds of the stem. 
Geniculum ; a term applied to the joints 
or nodes of the stem. 
Hami; hairs curved back at the point, so 
as to form hooks. 
Haidm ; the stems of herbs. 
BZybernaculum ; the shell of a bud, formed 
of the young leaves in the form of scales, 
imbricated or overlying one another. It af- 
fords protection to the tender parts during 
the winter. 
Tnternode iinternodiuin) ; the space that 
intervenes between the point of insertion of 
the leaves, or between the joints or knots of 
the stem. The node is the point of the stem 
whence the leaves arise ; the internode is the 
space between them. 
Leaf buds ; the bodies which contain the 
rudiments of young branches in an incipient 
or embryo state ; they are situated on the 
stem ; growing points, covered with rudimen- 
tary leaves. 
Lecus ; a term applied to the corm. 
Lenticelles; lenticular or lens-shaped glands ; 
brown oval spots found on the bark of many 
plants, as in the willow. 
Liber ; the innermost layer of bark, or in- 
terior lining of woody tissue ; it is the finest 
and most delicate of all the layers of bark, and 
is often beautifully reticulated, as in Daphne 
