124 
WILD SPRING FLOWERS. 
deep linear segments ; carpels nith feathery 
tails. A herbaceous perennial, with, the leaves 
all radical, hairy, doubly pinnated, and cut into 
narrow linear acute segments. The flowers 
each terminate a stalk about six inches high ; 
they are of a violet-purple colour, and silky 
externally ; the involucre is silky, and situ- 
ated close to the flower, but by the elongation 
of the stalk becomes distant from the fruit ; the 
sepals are linear oblong, united into a bell- 
shaped figure, spreading at the base, and re- 
curved towards the point. The carpels are 
numerous, crowded, tapering into a long fea- 
thery awn. Flowers in April and May. 
Found in dry chalky and loamy pastures in 
various parts of England. This species of 
Anemone is a very handsome early border 
flower. Like most others of the genus, the 
plant is poisonous to cattle if eaten in quantity; 
this poisonous property resides in the acrid 
salt, called anemonine, which irritates and in- 
flames the skin. Gerarde called it the Pasque- 
flower, from its flowering about Easter. 
Anemone nemorosa, Linnaeus (wood Ane- 
mone). — Leaves few, ternate with lanceolate 
leaflets; involucrum of three ternate (or qui- 
nate) leaves, similar to the root leaves ; flowers 
solitary, of six elliptic sepals; carpels awnless, 
pubescent, heeled. A small but very beautiful 
herbaceous perennial, w T ith a horizontal rhizoraa, 
or root-like stem, and very few ternate leaves, 
with oblong, lanceolate, two or three cleft 
leaflets. The involucre consists of three peti- i 
olated leaves similar to the root leaves. The 
flowers each terminate a slender stalk, about 
three inches high, and consist of six oblong, or : 
elliptic smooth sepals, white or pale pink. The 
carpels are numerous, obliquely ovate, com- 
pressed, and pointed with the persistent style. 
Flowers in April. Found rather plentifully in 
groves, thickets, woods, and shady banks. 
This is one of our earliest native flowers ; and 
though rather small, is extremely pretty, either 
in its native groves, or under cultivation. In a 
cultivated state it becomes double from the 
change of the stamens into petals, a metamor- 
phosis resulting from high cultivation, and 
often manifested in other plants. " The roots 
of this," says Miller, " may betaken up when 
their leaves decay, and transplanted in wilder- 
nesses, where they will thrive and increase 
greatly if they are not disturbed ; and in the 
spring, before the trees are covered with 
leaves, they will have a very good effect, in 
covering of the ground, and making a pleasing 
variety at that season." 
Anemone apennina, Linnaeus (blue moun- 
tain Anemone). — Leaves few, ternate ; invo- 
lucrum of three ternate leaves, similar to 
the root leaves ; flowers erect, solitary, of 
numerous lanceolate sepals ; carpels pointed, 
awnless. A herbaceous perennial, of habit 
similar to the last, but differing most obviously 
in its flowers, which consist of numerous — 
twelve to eighteen — linear oblong obtuse seg- 
ments, and are of a pretty light-blue colour. 
Flowers in April. Found in a few places in 
England, but regarded a very doubtful native. 
It is an exceedingly beautiful little plant, of 
rather larger size than A. nemorosa. 
A. ranunculoides, Linnceus (yellow wood 
Anemone). — Leaves few, ternate, or quinate ; 
involucrum ternate, cut; flowers solitary, or in 
pairs, of/z ve or six elliptic sepals; carpelspointed, 
awnless. A herbaceous perennial with very 
much the general appearance of A. nemorosa. 
The root is similar ; the leaves are ternate, 
often quinate, with oblong lanceolate leaflets ; 
the involucre similar in form to the leaves. The 
flowers are solitary on a slender stem, and con- 
sist of five or six bright yellow sepals, which 
are somewhat pubescent externally ; the car- 
pels are not numerous, obliquely ovate, com- 
pressed, and pointed by the persistent style. 
Flowers in April. Found in one or two locali- 
ties only in England, and regarded as a very 
doubtful native. It is, nevertheless, a very 
beautiful little plant for the garden, and con- 
trasts well with the preceding species. 
These wild forms of Anemones, no less 
than the garden ones, are worth cultivating for 
the sake of their early and lively flowers, which, 
however, in the case of A. nemorosa and A. ra- 
nuncidoides, are most suitable for shady situa- 
tions. Wherever there exists what is called a 
"wilderness," or a shrubbery, with walks pass- 
ing through it, the wild Anemones should be 
largely planted, along with the winter aconite, 
the harebell, the snowdrop, and some others. 
They require no care in cultivation. Wher- 
ever they are introduced into more dressy gar- 
den scenes, it should be in a position where 
the roots may remain undisturbed from one 
season to another. Thus they may be planted 
along the margins of flower-beds, or borders, 
and will flower gaily in the spring, dying clown 
and making room for other plants in the summer 
and autumn. For such positions the double- 
flowered variety is preferable. They may be 
planted in beds, where the roots can be so ar- 
ranged as to leave space for other successional 
plants to come between them. ThePasque flower 
may be managed as an ordinary perennial. 
CONIFERS. THE PINUS, OR PINE-TREE. 
The paper at p. 77, relating to Pine-trees, 
included that division of the genus Pinus, in 
which the species produce — usually — two of 
their needle-shaped leaves within each of the 
scaly sheaths peculiar to the foliage of these 
plants. The species here described, are those 
which produce three leaves in a sheath. There 
is still another group, which have the leaves 
arranged in bundles of five together. 
