12S 
CONIEETLE. — THE PINUS, OP, PIXE TREE. 
five, and remain on the trees unopened for 
several years. On good soil, the concentric 
circles of the wood are distant ; but on poor 
exposed situations, the wood produced is com- 
pact and full of resin, as its name of pitch- 
pine imports. It is sometimes used in house- 
building, and especially for flooring, the resin 
with which it is imbued rendering it durable. 
Its chief use is to furnish tar, of which large 
quantities are made from it. Dropmore, 
Hackney Arboretum, Carclew in Cornwall, 
and Hendon, are the places in this country 
where it is to be seen in greatest perfection. 
Pi?uts ponderosa, Douglas (heavy-wooded 
Pine). — Leaves three together, thickly set, 
one foot long, nearly straight, and in short 
sheaths of a dark colour. Cones egg-shaped, 
oblong, with strong pyramidal scales, terminat- 
ing in a recurved spine. Buds one inch in 
length, reddish-brown, covered with fine par- 
ticles of resin. 
A tree discovered by Douglas on the coast 
of North America, and one full of promise to 
the British arboriculturist. This is a beauti- 
fully-shaped, fast-growing, noble object, with 
few well-regulated branches ; which, when 
old, assume a graceful drooping habit. Of the 
character of its wood, the discoverer has said 
nothing; and in this respect it, in all probability, 
partakes of that looseness of fibre character- 
istic of the great majority of North American 
pines. At the same time, its specific name 
would imply the very reverse, and the question 
remains to be ascertained. Of its success in 
the climate of Scotland, the writer can speak 
with certainty. Plants of it in the more ex- 
posed districts of Moray shire, grow at the rate 
of two and a half feet in one season ; and at 
Rozelle in Ayrshire, " everything connected 
with it supports the hypothesis, that it will 
ultimately prove a very valuable timber tree" 
in that country. The specimens there are 
upwards of 20 feet in height, carrying with 
them proportionate strength both in stem and 
branches. A very general objection is urged 
against this tree, that of its being unable to 
support itself when finally planted out. The 
objection is misapplied : it belongs to the 
nursery culture of the tree, and not to any 
peculiarity in the plant itself. Pot-culture is 
a good enough plan, and quite indispensable ; 
but it has its limits, which are frequently over- 
stepped. Such a pine as this should not be 
kept in pots beyond three years, when it should 
be turned into the open ground, and subjected 
to a course of shifting every two years. Its 
removal every two years would compel it to 
furnish itself with properly directed leading 
roots, and with an abundance of small fibres, 
which would not fail to support it, when placed 
in an exposed situation for life. Plants are 
from Gs, to 10*. each ; and at this rate, planters 
are surely entitled to have such as are well- 
rooted. 
Pinus Coulteri, Don (Coulter's, or great 
hooked Pine). — Leaves three, ten inches long, 
slightly serrated on the margin, glaucous, two- 
furrowed on the upper side. Cones solitary, 
oblong, very large, with woody wedge-shaped 
horned scales, each one weighing about 3| lbs. 
Seeds flat, brownish, rather more than half 
an inch in length. Young shoots covered with 
a violet-coloured glaucous bloom. 
A lofty tree discovered by Dr. Coulter and 
by Douglas, about 1831, growing on the moun- 
tains of Santa Lucia, " in latitude 36 degrees, 
within sight of the sea, and at an elevation of 
from 3000 feet to 4000 feet above its level." 
It was found along with P. Lamberticma, rising 
to 80 feet and 100 feet in height, having a trunk 
about 3^ feet in diameter, with thick roaming 
branches. It is altogether so like the next 
pine here described, that many botanists have 
considered them varieties only of the same 
species. The foliage of this tree is a little 
more, fastigiate ; but the buds, leaves, and 
young shoots are exactly alike. The cones 
are larger than those in Sabine's variety or 
species; and what is rather unusual, the seeds 
are smaller. It forms a gigantic and lovely 
tree, quite a prize in the eyes of every arbori- 
culturist, is a quick grower, and perfectly 
hardy even in the climate of Scotland. When 
grafted or inarched on any other species, the 
junction should be made as near to the root as 
possible, and the bottom of the graft fretted or 
cut so as to induce it to throw out roots for it- 
self. It is cruel to plant such a tree on soil 
which is not loosened and prepared to the depth 
at least of 3 feet. There are good specimens 
at Kew, Hendon Rectory, and the Horticul- 
tural Society's Garden. 
Phuts Sabiniana, Douglas (Sabine's, or 
great prickly-coned Pine). — Leaves three, one 
foot in length, glaucous in every stage of their 
growth; sharp and round on the outside, and 
towards the point serrated. Sheaths one inch 
long, ash-brown, ringed. Cones surrounding 
the stem like those of P. Pinaster, remaining 
on the trees for several years, about 1 1 inches 
long, roundish ovate, with large scales bearing 
sharp incurved points like a hawk's bill. 
A tree discovered by Douglas, in 1826, and 
named by him in compliment to his friend, 
Mr. Sabine. Found in greatest perfection on 
the deep vegetable deposits on the flanks of the 
Cordilleras of New Albion, in California ; 
where it attains the height of 130 feet, and 
when standing alone, is feathered to the ground 
with branches. Plants were raised in the 
Horticultural Society's Garden in 1832 ; and 
in the arboretum there, is one of the finest 
specimens in England. In Scotland it is as 
hardy as any other pine, and promises to be 
